disorders of skin integrity + function part 2

arthropod conditions

- scabies

- pediculosis (lice)

scabies description

- mite burrowing

- in body folds & creases

- reddish brown lesions

scabies treatment

topical mite killing ointments

scabies at risk

- elderly

- those living in close quarters

scabies transmission

- person to person

- infested sheets and clothes

- sexual transmission

pediculosis description

itchy pearl grey nits

pediculosis treatment

eradicate from body and clothes

pediculosis at risk

proximity to infested human kids

pediculosis transmission

shared combs and hats

pigmented conditions

- vitiligo

- albinism

- melasma

- mongolian spots

vitiligo cause

absence of melanin production

vitiligo description

- Flat depigmented macule with definite smooth border on face, axillae, neck or extremities.

- Patchy areas of pigment or non pigment

vitiligo treatment

no treatment besides cosmetics

vitiligo at risk

darker skin it is more noticeable

vitiligo transmission

genetics and autoimmunity

albinism cause

- absence of melanin production

- melanocytes fail to produce tyrosinase

albinism description

complete/parital congenital absence of pigments in the skin, hair and eye

albinism treatment

Reducing risk of skin cancer through sun protection

albinism at risk

none

albinism transmission

genetic

melasma cause

melanin increase

melasma description

Darkened macules on the face

Melasma treatment

- cosmetics

- using sunscreen

- limiting sun exposure

melasma at risk

- females

- pregnancy

- oral contraceptives

melasma transmission transmission

none

Mongolian spots cause

increase in melanin

Mongolian spots description

- "Grey-slate nevi" pigmented birthmarks

- abnormal migration of proliferation of melanocytes

mongolian spots treatment

- often fade in the first year

- laser treatment

- congenital

mongolian spots at risk

asian & darker skin

vascular conditions

- papulopustural rosacea

- phymatous rosacea

- erythematotelangi ecatic rosacea

- ocular rosacea

- telangiectasia

- rhinophyma

- papulopustular

- phymatous

Papulosquamous dermatose conditions

- psoriasis

- pityriasis rosea

- linchen planus

psoriasis description

Thickened plaques with pustules silvery-white scale

psoriasis treatment

- suppress symptoms

- topical agents

psoriasis at risk

- warmer sunnier climates

psoriasis transmission

genetics

Pityriasis rosea description

An oval macule or papule with surrounding erythema (christmas tree, usually a central patch)

Pityriasis rosea treatment

- self-limiting

- Suppress symptoms with topical steroids, antihistamines, colloid baths

Pityriasis rosea at risk

- kids and young adults

- people living close together

Pityriasis rosea transmission

triggered by viral infection maybe

Lichen planus description

flat topped violaceous polygonal papules

Lichen planus treatment

- corticosteroids

- occlusive dressings

Lichen planus at risk

pruritic patch

Lichen planus transmission

- cyclic itching

- scratching