Nutrition Exam 4

Edelman ch's. 14, 19, 20, 21 and Grodner ch. 10

• relaxation and imagery

• self monitoring

• goal setting

• cognitive restructuring

• mindfulness

• problem solving

these are all examples of methods that can be used to practice _____

stress management

• using your imagination to picture calming or happy scenes in your mind

• like daydreaming on purpose to help your brain and body relax

this describes the concept of _____

imagery

• keeping track of your own thoughts, feelings or behaviors to understand yourself better and make changes if needed.

this describes the concept of _____

self monitoring

• deciding what you want to achieve and making a plan to reach it

• helps you stay focused, motivated, and organized

this describes the concept of _____

goal setting

• changing the way you think about something

• helps with stress, anxiety, and depression

• helps challenge and replace negative or unhelpful thoughts with more positive and realistic ones

this describes the concept of _____

cognitive restructuring

• paying full attention to the present moment

• notice what you’re feeling, thinking and sensing right now, calmly and clearly

this describes the concept of _____

mindfulness

• find a good way to fix a problem

• its a step-by-step precess to think clearly

this describes the concept of _____

problem-solving

“an expected physical or emotional reaction change” defines what

stress

• a positive thought in the form of a short phrase or sentence that has personal meaning for the individual

• can help manage stress and change negative thinking by stopping self-critical thoughts or attitudes

• supports spiritual well-being

• enhances self esteem and reduces stress

this describes the concept of _____

affirmations

• help the patient identify and create a personal goal as a team

• a healthy diet has a positive effect on overall health, boosts physical performance, and supports better body functioning

this describes the concept of _____

creating a diet plan for a patient

• ancient Chinese technique

• thin needles are gently placed into the skin at certain points on the body - stimulates meridian points

• used to help with pain, stress, and other health problems by helping the body feel more balanced and relaxed

• not a self-approach, seek treatment from an experienced physician

this describes the concept of _____

accupuncture

• greek word meaning sleep

• deep state of relaxation/inertia

• you’re still awake and in control

• manages stress and various mental health problems, including phobias, addiction, and post-traumatic stress disorder

• useful for smoking cessation, anxiety, and pain

• provided by trained therapists

this describes the concept of _____

hypnosis

• uses pleasant smelling oils from plants, aka essential oils

• reduces stress and anxiety, improves sleep, helps with pain or tension, boosts mood and focus

• can relieve symptoms like stress or headaches, but it doesn’t cure medical conditions

• may cause skin irritation, rashes, or breathing problems from certain oils

this describes the concept of _____

aromatherapy

• a type of touch therapy

• a trained professional gently presses on specific areas on your feet, hands, or ears to help you feel better

• each spot is thought to connect to a different body structure or organ

• promotes relaxation and stress relief, pain management, better sleep, improves circulation, supports overall wellbeing

• it does not diagnose or cure illnesses

this describes the concept of _____

reflexology

• of Japanese descent

• “universal spirit”

• a trained practitioner gently places their hands on or just above the body to help you relax, feel calm, and support healing

• the therapist channels energy into the patient by touch, activating the natural healing processes of the body and restoring physical and emotional well-being

this describes the concept of _____

reiki

• promotes a healthy lifestyle by breaking the negative stress cycle; person begins to feel better physically and emotionally

• positively influences quality of life

• improves self esteem

• decreases risks of diseases and illnesses

• promotes psychological wellbeing

this describes the concept of _____

regular exercise

• anxiety surrounding the body as their small size in comparison to adults produces a sense of vulnerability and fear of loss of control

• fear of mutilation and death

• minor injuries can be very upsetting

• illnesses or pain may be perceived as punishment

this describes the concept of _____

preschool children’s fears about their body (age 3-6y)

• duchenne muscular dystrophy

• william syndrome

• fragile X syndrome

• autism

• cystic fibrosis

• mnemonic: “David Michael, Dont Willingly Fight A Cat”

this describes the concept of _____

genetic diseases that may be diagnosed during preschool (age 3-6y)

• 1200-1600 calories/day depending on activity level and sex

• variety of veggies, fruits, proteins, grains (at least half of which are whole grains)

• limit fatty foods (sat. fat, trans fats) and sugar (added sugar) and sodium

• attention to iron and calcium intake

this describes the concept of _____

nutritional needs for preschoolers age 3-6y

what are the common allergens among preschoolers age 3-6y?

milk, eggs, nuts

• how to use utensils

• brushing teeth (oral care)

• potty training

• washing hands

• flushing the toilet

• changing their clothes when they have an accident

this describes the concept of _____

hygiene tasks being developed by preschoolers age 3-6y

what is the appropriate response by a parent when their preschooler aged child (3-6y) has an accident/soils themselves?

handle it gently and be encouraging

• balancing on one foot, jumping and running

• play lets them experiment with who they are, who they might become, and how they relate to others socially

• allows them to view themselves from another perspective

• mimic the behavior of people around them

• assuming adult roles and using dolls to simulate a childs role

• interactive play with an imaginary plot

this describes the concept of _____

characteristics of preschool play

what activities may interfere with adequate exercise/activity in preschoolers age 3-6y?

TV/screen time, lack of physical activity

what are the sleep needs for preschoolers (age 3-6y)?

8-12 hours and 2 naps per day

a preschool age (3-6y) child’s bedtime routine should last no longer than _____

30 minutes

frightening dreams that cause fear, agitation, and confusion, with child misperceiving and unresponsive to their environment

night terrors

the most common cause of nighttime wakening or sleep disturbances for preschool age children 3-6y is _____

nightmares or anxiety dreams

a cognitive limitation in preschool age children (3-6y), specifically those in the preoperational stage, where they cannot mentally reverse a process or action to its original state. they struggle to understand that a change can be undone, and the object or situation can be restored to how it was before. (ex: if you pour one glass’s content into another glass, the child cannot understand that both glasses hold the same amount of water)

Piaget’s task of irreversibility

• amblyopia (lazy eye) (cover strong eye with a patch)

• refractive errors - myopia (near-sightedness) (glasses help)

• strabismus (cross-eyed, blurred or double vision)

• color blindness

these terms describe what concept?

common vision problems in preschoolers age 3-6y

which tests are used to determine if a preschool aged child (3-6y) has any vision problems?

snellen chart, denver eye screening test

• initiative vs guilt stage

• develop a sense of initiative through their vigorous motor activity and active imagination

• by praising preschoolers, parents promote development of initiative

• learning can be enhanced when adults successfully scaffold skills without being intrusive

• self-concept is refined through task-oriented and socially-oriented experiences

this describes the concept of _____

Erikson’s tasks for preschoolers age 3-6y

• similar coping mechanisms to toddlers

• maturing coping skills; fewer tantrums

• more problem-solving skills

• use of projection/fantasy

• controlling behavior

• parents should remain gentle, encouraging and consistent

this describes the concept of _____

coping mechanisms used by preschool children age 3-6y

• explain actions in age-appropriate terminology

• let the child play with the equipment (ex. stethoscope, syringe)

• include the child in taking their history

• keep parents close during injections

this describes the concept of _____

how to support a preschooler during a health visit

what are the required vaccines and their ages of administration for preschool age children 3-6y?

DTap at 4y, MMR between 4-6y

• the action of bedwetting or accidental urination in children who should be able to control their bladder

• do not shame them, help them

• the child should be checked for a UTI

• nocturnal (daytime) vs diurnal (nighttime, bedwetting)

this describes the concept of _____

enuresis

control of the bladder should be developed by age _____

5y

which strategy of managing child abuse is described by “education - preventing child abuse before it occurs”

primary

which strategy of managing child abuse is described by “screening - parent education classes targeted for high risk families, home visits, etc”

secondary

which strategy of managing child abuse is described by “treatment - treatment of the child after the abuse has occurred; refer parents to counseling”

tertiary

when do the kidneys reach maturity?

end of infancy and early toddler years

children cannot be treated with _____ until their kidneys have reached maturity (happens by age 5)

renally excreted medication

• true, logical thinking

• solving problems, understanding concepts, analyzing situations

this describes the concept of _____

abstract thinking

• reasoning based on what you can see, hear, feel, and experience

• ex: “its raining cats and dogs” = literally thinking it’s raining cats and dogs

this describes the concept of _____

concrete thinking

• injuries: leading cause of death

• motor vehicle accidents

• household furniture/tools/equipment

• firearm safety

• burns

• drowning

this describes the concept of _____

accidents common in preschoolers age 3-6y

• children ride in back seat; wear a seatbelt

• secure furniture to walls

• lock cabinets

• gated pools

• lock up firearms

• teach fire safety

• smoke detectors

• supervise around water; swimming lessons

• wear helmets

• teach proper street crossing safety

this describes the concept of _____

accident prevention strategies

a condition characterized by an immune reaction to eating gluten

celiac disease

• kids this age are at risk for cavities, gum issues, and teeth growing in crooked (malocclusion)

• school sealant programs reduce these issues by 60%

• eating too many sweets or sugary drinks, poor dental hygeiene, and lack of fluoride can cause these issues

this describes the concept of _____

dental caries in school age children

• a program for kids whose families make too much to qualify for medicaid but still cannot afford private insurance

• it helps cover doctors visits, meds, and dental care

this describes the concept of _____

state childrens health insurance program (CHIP)

a teaching strategy in which the child is involved; discussions, doing projects or hands-on work (this makes the information stick better)

active teaching

a teaching style in which the child is not involved; typically sitting and listening to information being relayed like in a lecture or a reading

passive teaching

• car accidents is #1

• bicycles

• firearms

• sports

• drowning

• burns

this describes the concept of _____

leading causes of fatalities in school age children

• prepuberty weight gain is normal (body is preparing for a growth spurt)

• obesity can come from poor diet, using food as a reward, not enough physical activity, and sometimes genetics

• more common in african american and hispanic children

• increases risk for muscle pain, joint pain, fractures, high blood pressure, diabetes, and sleep apnea

• management: focus on healthy habits, not just losing weight. encouraging movement, peer support, and balanced meals

this describes the concept of _____

causes and managements for obesity in school age children

what nutrients are school age children commonly/at a higher risk of lacking?

iron, calcium, vitamin C

what dietary condition is associated with poverty and malnutrition? - this condition is most common in african american, hispanic, and native american school age children.

iron deficiency anemia

• common characteristic of chronic constipation

• psychosocial component

• stress or emotional disturbances can be a trigger

• bowel management program and counseling are recommended

this describes ______, which is the involuntary passing of stool after age 4.

encopresis

8. sleep disturbances and management