Oral Communication Chapter 5 + 6

listening

process of receiving, interpreting, recalling, evaluating, and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages

receiving

always need it for new messages and is the most physiological part

interpreting

a combination of visual and auditory information being taken with schemata

recalling

help us remember information

short-term memory

a mental storage capability that can retain stimuli for twenty seconds to one minute

long term memory

a mental storage capability to which stimuli in short-term memory can be transferred if they are connected to existing schema and in which information can be stored indefinitely

responding

sending verbal and nonverbal messages that indicate attentiveness and understanding or a lack thereof

paraphrase

rephrase a message in your own words

informational listening

the goal of comprehending and retaining information/listening for important and specific information

critical listening

the goal of analyzing or evaluating a message based on information presented verbally and information that can be inferred from context

empathetic listening

try to understand or experience what a speaker is thinking or feeling

barriers of listening

factors that impede effective listening, including code, environmental, physiological, and psychological noise

selective attention

pay attention to the messages that benefit us and filter others out

interrupting

speaking over someone while another person speaks, can be intentional but if unintentional it is bad

distorted listening

changing words we hear to make them fit better to our thinking

aggressive listening

a bad listening practice in which people pay attention in order to attack something that a speaker says

narcissistic listening

a form of self-centered self-absorbed listening in which listeners try to make the interaction about them

pseudo-listening

behaving as if you are paying attention to a speaker when you are actually not

active listening

the process of pairing outwardly visible positive listening behavior with positive cognitive listening practices

mirroring

a listener's replication of the nonverbal signals of a speaker

low-context communication style

generated within an interaction comes from the verbal communication used rather than nonverbal or contextual cues

high-context communication

generated from nonverbal and contextual cues

code barriers

not understanding a message and have to ask a question to repeat it or rephrase it

environmental barriers

noise that affects you from the environment

psychological barriers

noise that affect you from your mental health

prejudice

filtering information that challenges our beliefs (similar to bias)

physiological barriers

noise that affect you from your physical health

evaluate

what we think is important and what isn't

digital media age

the time where technology is use for easy and rapid access to information

Digital media

video, audio, software, and other content created, edited, stored, or accessed in digital form, through numeric encoding and decoding of data

internet

access to information and user creativity in the digital media

social learning theory

media portrayals influence our development of schemata or scripts

media literacy

ability to critique and analyze the potential impact of the media

social networking sites (SNSs)

online platform that allows users to create a profile and interact with other users