Rome ch3

The seven hills of Rome

A hilly site on the east bank of the Tiber river where Rome was built.

Patricians

Land-owning aristocrats in ancient Rome who served as priests, magistrates, lawyers, and judges.

Plebeians

The poorer class in ancient Rome, consisting of craftspeople, merchants, and laborers.

Marcus Junius Brutus

One of the conspirators who stabbed Gaius Julius Caesar.

Cicero

A Roman rhetorician known for his recognition of the power of the Latin language.

Imagines

Wax death masks used to create high levels of naturalism in portrait busts.

Pietas

The concept of dutifulness in ancient Rome, denoting total obedience to parents.

Virgil

The author of the Aeneid.

Georgics

Literary works that celebrated Augustus's gift of farmlands to veterans.

Ovid's punishment

Augustus did not view Ovid's writings favorably and permanently banished him from Rome.

Ovid

The author of the Metamorphoses.

Arena

The sand that covered the floor of the Colosseum.

Architectural orders in the Colosseum

The ground floor utilized the Tuscan order, the second level the Ionic order, and the third level the Corinthian order.

Oculus of the Pantheon

A circular opening at the top of the Pantheon, conceived by Hadrian as the 'Eye of Jupiter.'

5 good emporers

Nerva Trajan Hadrian Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius

1. Nerva

aliments and policy for individual freedoms and reducing taxes

2. Trajan

expanded empire and infrastructure

3. Hadrian

stabilized borders and promoted Greek culture which led to a cultural resurgence

4. Antoninus Pius

maintained peace and stability and judicial reforms

5. Marcus Aurelius

authored meditations and administrative reforms