Sports Med Semester 2 Study Guide

What is the largest fat pad

infrapatellar fat pad

the infrapatellar fat pad separates what?

the patellar tendon from rubbing on tibia

MCL of the knee is also known as

tibial collateral ligament

Parts of the MCL ligament are taut during

flexion and extension

Function of the MCL

prevent knee valgus force and external rotation

LCL (of the knee) is also known as

fibular collateral ligament

the LCL is taut during ____ and relaxed during___

knee extension, knee flexion

function of the LCL

resist varus forces

the LCL of the knee is aided in lateral support by

iliotibial band, biceps femoris, and popliteus muscle

The ACL keeps the femur from moving ___ on the tibia in weight bearing

posterior

The ACL keeps the tibia from moving ____ in the femur in non weight bearing

anterior

Function of ACL includes resisting

internal rotation and preventing varus and valgus stresses

The PCL stops ___ translation of the femur on the tibia in weight bearing

anterior

The PCL stops ___ translation of the tibia in non weight bearing

posterior

The PCL resists

internal rotation and hyperextension of the knee

what are the intracapsular ligaments of the knee

ACL and PCL

what are the extra capsular ligaments

LCL,MCL, patellar ligament , and popliteal ligament

what is the strongest ligament of the knee

the pcl

What is the longest muscle in the body

sartorius

what is the strongest bone in the body

femur

what bones make up the knee joint

tibia, femur and patella

what artery is the major blood supplier to the knee

popliteal artery

how many types of cartilage are found in the knee? and what are they

2 types , articular and meniscus (fibrocartilage)

How many zones on the meniscus

3

zone 1 of the meniscus

red-red, vascular and closest to joint capsule

zone 2 of the meniscus

red-white, in the middle of each ring and has minimal blood supply

zone 3 of meniscus

white-white, closest to the center and is avascular

quadriceps means

group of four muscles in the thigh which are the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. 

what is the major veins that drains the knee

popliteal vein

what type of injury causes effusion in 2-6 hours

ligament rupture, intra articular fracture, patellar dislocation

what type of injury causes effusion in 48 to 72 hours

meniscal injuries

functions of the meniscus include

deepen the articular facets on the tibia, act as shock absorber, provide space between tibia and femur, and help with knee stabilization specifically when flexed.

what structure is very superficial and susceptible to injury

subcutaneous olecranon bursa

what is the main blood supply for the elbow

brachial artery

the brachial artery branches to the ____ and ___ arteries to supply blood to the forearm

radial and ulnar

what 4 major veins collect blood from the elbow region

medial cubital, cephalic, basilic, and brachial

which vein do phlebotomists usually take from

medial cubital

all 4 veins drain into which vein

axillary

what are the ligaments of the elbow

ulnar collateral, radial collateral, and annular ligaments

inversion/eversion happens at the ___

wrist

external and internal rotation happens at the ____

elbow

ulnar collateral ligament is also known as

medial collateral ligament

radial collateral ligament is also known as

lateral collateral ligament

which ligament of the elbow has 3 branches

UCL

what are the branches of the UCL

anterior, posterior, and transverse oblique

UCL resists against ___ forces while RCL resists ___ stress

valgus, varus

what is the carrying angle in males and females

males is 5 and females is 10 to 15

who originally diagnosed and operated Tommy john’s ucl tear

Frank Jobe

what anatomical structure is used to repair the UCL in TJ surgery

palmaris longus

who was one of the second elbow surgeons to perform the TJ surgery

james andrews

what percent of all current major league pitchers have had TJ surgery

33

what is the success rate of TJ surgery for pitchers

over 80

bones of the hand and wrist

phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, radius, and ulna

how many bones are in each hand

27

how many bones are in each wrist

8

what does the median nerve innervate

ring finger to thumb on the palmar side

what does the radial nerve innervate

Middle to thumb on the dorsal side.

what does the ulnar nerve innervate

ring finger to pinky on the palmer side

what is the distal row or carpals

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

proximal row of carpals

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform

what is Murphy's sign

athlete sits and makes a fist with knuckles pointed up in the air.

what are you looking for?(murphy's sign)

3rd knuckle is level with the 2nd and 4th

what does it mean?(murphy's sign)

dislocated lunate

what is an infection around the fingernail beds called

paronychia

scaling or ridging in the finger nail means

psoriasis

ridging and poor development in the nails means

hyperthyroidism

clubbing and cyanosis in the nails means

congenital heart disease or chronic respiratory disease

spooning or depression of the fingernail means

chronic alcoholism or vitamin deficiency

how many carpometacarpal joints are there

5

bony interaction of carpometacarpal joint #1

trapezium

bony interaction of carpometacarpal joint #2

trapezoid

bony interaction of carpometacarpal joint #3

capitate

bony interaction of carpometacarpal joint #4 and 5

hamate

acromioclavicular sprain etiology

result of direct blow from any direction, upward force from humerus

acromioclavicular sprain management

ice, stabilization, referral to physician

shoulder subluxation etiology

excessive translation of humeral head with out complete separation from joint

anterior dislocation of shoulder etiology

anterior force on the shoulder, forced abduction and external rotation

posterior dislocation of the shoulder etiology

forced adduction and internal rotation or fall on an extended and internally rotated shoulder

anterior-inferior shoulder dislocation signs and symptoms

flattened eltoid, prominent humeral head in axilla, arm carried in slight abduction and external rotation, moderate pain and disability

posterior shoulder dislocation s/s

severe pain and disability, arm carried in adduction and internal rotation, prominent acromion and coracoid process, limited external rotation and elevation.

shoulder impingment etiology

mechanical compression of supraspinatus tendon, subacromial bursa, and long head of biceps tendon due to decreased space under coracoacromial arch

adhesive capsulitis is also known as

frozen shoulder

adhesive capsulitis etiology

contracted and thickened joint capsule with little synovial fluid