Subcortical Structures

subcortical structures

grey matter areas

not part of cortex, islands within white matter

basal ganglia

group of subcortical nuclei

• striatum

• amygdala

• nucleus accumbent

striatum

involved in initiation and regulation of movements: muscle tone, posture, involuntary movements, motor learning

affected by Parkinson’s

striatum structure

putamen and caudate nucleus

globus pallidus

amygdala

memory, emotions, fear

nucleus accumbent

pleasure, reward system, motor functions

thalamus

information form environment first goes to cortex

can be divided into several nuclei with distinct outputs and inputs

thalamus exception

olfaction goes directly to primary olfactory area: Piriform cortex

first order nuclei

• lateral geniculate nuclei

• medial geniculate nuclei

• ventro posterior nuclei

higher order nuclei

role in higher order cognitive functions and network regulation involving prefrontal cortex

involved in learning and memory processes

lateral geniculate nuclei

visual relay

medial geniculate nuclei

auditory relay

ventro posterior nuclei

relays sensory information from body

cerebellum

involved in production of movement

balance, posture, coordination

motor learning

brain stem structure

• midbrain

• pons

• medulla

brain stem functions

• controls centers for autonomic vital functions

• vital functions such as breathing, heart beat, sleeping, blood pressure

• connects briain to spinal cord

parietal brodmann areas

BA 40, 39

BA 1, 2, 3

BA 40, 39

SMG, ANG

BA 1, 2,3

somatosensory

Frontal lobe brodmann area

BA 4, 6

BA 44,45

BA 4, 6

motor

BA 44, 45

Pars Oper, Pars tri

BA 17-18-19

visual

BA 41-42, 22

auditory

occipital lobe brodmann area

BA 17-18-19

temporal lobe brodmann area

BA 41-42, 22

MNI Brain.

compare brains because of difference in size/neuroanatomy: actives in all brain