Chapter 1: Characteristics and classification of living organisms

Movement

The action by an organism or part of an organism that causes a change in position or place.

Respiration

The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism.

Sensitivity

The ability of an organism to detect and respond to changes in its internal or external environment.

Growth

The permanent increase in size and dry mass of an organism.

Reproduction

The process that results in the production of more of the same kind of organism.

Excretion

The removal of waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of the organism's requirements.

Nutrition

The process of taking in materials for energy, growth, and development.

Species

A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Binomial System of Naming Species

An internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species

Ciliated Cells

Help move mucus in the trachea and bronchi.

Root Hair Cells

For absorption of water and nutrients from the soil.

Palisade Mesophyll Cells

Packed with chloroplasts, specialized for photosynthesis.

Neurons

Responsible for conducting electrical impulses throughout the nervous system.

Red Blood Cells

Transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues.

Sperm and Egg Cells (Gametes)

Involved in sexual reproduction, contributing genetic material to offspring.

Cell

The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

Tissue

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

Organ

A structure composed of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific task.

Organ System

A group of organs that work together to perform complex functions for the organism.

Organism

An individual living entity that can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, and maintain homeostasis.