14 Hallmarks of Cancer

Self Sufficiency in growth signals

Stimulates cell growth, leading to metastatis

Insensitivity to anti-growth

Unresponsive to cell arrest signals

Evading Apoptosis

Dodging cell death

Limitless Cell Replication

Can grow and replicate endlessly, avoiding regulatory signals

Induce Angiogenesis

Can stimulate growth of blood vessels for additional nutrients

Tissue Invasion and Metstasis

Rapid overgrowth, leading to investigation into other cells and spreading to other parts of the body and grow

Abnormal metabolic pathways

changing metabolic pathways to feed themselves and grow

Genome instability

Alters their genetic code constantly, causing varied karyotypes

Immune evasion

Can avoid detection from immune system due to them being grown from the healthy host cells

Induce inflammation

Can induce this to help tumor grow, mutate, and spread

Unlocking phenotypic plasticity

Cells can switch states to adapt and survive

Nonmutation epigenetic reprogramming

Various changes (DNA Methylation, silencing tsp genes, etc.) that drive cancer traits

Polymorphic microbiomes

Gut or tumor-resident microbes can promote or suppress tumors

Senescent cells

Cells contain tumor-promoting secretions (SASP)