Geography Globalisation full

What Is Globalisation

The becoming more connected through increasing connections through trade, flow of money, ideas and technology

How Is The World Doing Globalisation

through more connections in transport (Boeing 786), from train to flight, and more TNCs driving investment

3 International Organisations

World Bank

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

World Trade Organisation

What Does The World Bank Do

lend money and give grants to developing nations

facilitate FDI

What does the World Trade Organization do?

an organisation that works to reduce trade barriers and create free trade

What Does The International Monetary Fund (IMF) Do

stabilise international financial systems

provide short term loans

promote free trade

recipients must adjust to the wants of IMF, these being opening up the economy to FDI

What Is A Trade Bloc

an agreement where the flows of goods, money and workers and flow national barriers freely

Benefits of a trade bloc

removes international tariffs

market growth Tesco gained access to 75m extra customers in 2004

Examples of a trade bloc

NAFTA - national American federal trade assoication across all of usa, canada and mexico

EU

ASEAN

What is a SEZ and where is is done

a special economic zone is a place where imports and exports can be done with reduced tariffs

done in china

How can china develop global hubs

politically stable

stable currency

cheap skilled labour

how can india develop global hubs

High internet bandwidth

technical skills

high tech

what does switched on mean

places that are connected globally e.g china

what does switched off mean

places that do not connect globally or are not developed e.g north korea

How can you measure globalisation

AT kearney index

KOF index

what does the AT kearney index measure pros/cons

political engagement, technological connectivity, personal contact, economic integration

pros - covers 84% of population

cons - only considers 64 countries

what does the KOF index measure pros/cons

social globalisation - tourism

economic globalisation - trade FDI

political engagement - international organisations

pros - wide range of data, good for comparison

cons - bias to better places, does not consider informal economies

what is a tnc example

trans national corporation, companies that have operations in more than one place

e.g disney

what is glocalisation

changing the design of a product to suit local tastes

what is global shift and where has it happened

movement of employment sectors (mainly manufacturing) from the west to the east e.g global shift to china

impact of global shift

social

loss of jobs from senders

more pollution at receivers e.g 70% of china's lakes polluted

what is de industrialisation

The decline in the manufacturing industry

where in the UK has de industrialisation occurred badly

leicester

impact of de industrialisation on leicester

population decline

29% of families low income - average house price £250,000

low education rates

what is a mega city

a city with a population over 10million

what is a world city

a city with major political and economic power e.g paris or chad

what is a global hub

switched on places possessing great qualities that make places want to connect with them

what factors make a global hub attractive

physical factors human resources

coast access skilled workforce

resources good services

3 types of population movement

elite international - celebrities

low wage international - cheap labour

internal - rural to urban

what is cultural imperialism

imposing ones culture on others deliberately, creating a global culture, this is done by TNCs

what is cultural diffusion

the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another

impact of cultural diffusion on Cuba

loss of Cubas food, music, culture, loss of identity

what is westernisation

the spread of western culture to the east

what is global culture

worldwide culture shared based on western ideals

what is democracy

a society where everyone can vote

cultural impact on Papua new gineu

839 languages, 1000+ cultures, loss of tribes, hard for tncs due to many languages spoken there,

how to measure inequality in a society

lorenz curve, gini co-efficient

how has globalisation created inequality in tanzania

economic - 60% work in agriculture, gini of 0.39

socio-political - investment focused at coastal places, urban areas better access to hospitals, gender inequality for women, underrepresentation

environmental - food problems, rising population, mass deforestation, energy consumption

how can a place stop globalisation

censorship, trade protectionism, migration limits

where has censorship happened

china - great fire wall stopping Chinese citizens accessing the general internet, preserves Chinese culture

what is trade protectionism

policy that restricts imports from other countries, through tariffs, quotas, restricting FDI

how does north korea stop globalisation

through censorship and migration

gov ran products, strict laws, seen politically and physically strong globally, trade very limited but started with south korea.

japan immigration laws

ssw1, ssw2, these allowed permanent settlement, japan are selective with migration, as a result, advanced workforce

uk immigration laws

pre brexit, no need for a visa when to a country in the EU

post brexit, now need a visa to work in the uk

transition town example

Totnes, they do this by localism, reusing items, sustainable transport, grow own food, reduce carbon emissions, improve health, social empowerment, but local focus, lack of finance and volunteer ran, resource scarcity.