CRIM CH.1

Criminology has theoretical frameworks that include __________, __________, and __________ theories.

individual, situational, and structural

Criminology studies the interplay between individual behaviour, societal influences, and __________ response.

institutional

Crime is considered __________, meaning everyone has done some sort of crime.

normal

Classical criminology emerged in the __________ century, shaping the legal/justice system we have today.

late 18th

The __________ century saw scientific approaches to understanding criminal behaviour and biological determinism.

19th

Sociological perspectives gained prominence in criminology during the __________ century.

early 20th

Critical criminology, which includes feminist and race theories, emerged in the __________ century.

late 20th

Contemporary criminology in the __________ century addresses global crimes and technological advancements.

21st

Social context can shape our understanding of criminal behaviour through __________, economic conditions, and institutional frameworks.

cultural norms

Crime rates can be low while __________ rates remain high in a society.

incarceration

The definition of a crime is not static; it changes due to cultural values, political ideologies, and __________ contexts.

historical

Legal definitions of crime are established through formal __________ by the government.

status

Societal labeling means behaviours become criminal when society labels that action as __________.

criminal

Individual factors in crime emphasize personal characteristics such as __________ and psychological traits.

genetics

Environmental factors, such as poverty and social inequality, can shape __________ behaviour.

criminal

Psychological disorders like psychopathy and __________ can impair moral reasoning.

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)

Imbalances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine are associated with __________ behaviours.

impulsive and aggressive

Holistic crime analysis combines individual, situational, and __________ factors.

structural

Victimization surveys help discover unreported __________.

crimes

Moral panic begins with identification of a perceived threat, followed by media application, public concern, and then a __________ response.

policy

Media representations often rely on racial and socioeconomic __________.

stereotypes