Families, Peer Groups, Schools, Work, Leisure, and Media

Flashcards about Families, Peer Groups, Schools, Work, Leisure, and Media

What is a self-fulfilling prophecy in the context of parent-adolescent relationships?

A parent's expectation that they will have a difficult time with their child during adolescence, which then leads them to act in ways that make this expectation a reality.

What are the major sources of disagreement between adolescents and parents?

Curfews, leisure time activities, clothing, and the cleanliness of bedrooms.

What do parents view as matters of right and wrong?

Custom or convention.

What is the focus of family systems theory?

It emphasizes the interconnections among different family relationships, such as marital, parent-child, and sibling relationships.

What is familism?

An orientation toward life in which the needs of one's family take precedence over the needs of the individual.

What is generational dissonance?

The divergence of views between adolescents and parents that is common in families of immigrant parents and American-born adolescents.

What is the focus during a midlife crisis?

A psychological crisis about identity believed to occur between the ages of 35 and 45, the age range of most adolescents’ parents.

What is behavioral genetics?

The scientific study of genetic influences on behavior.

What are alleles?

Different versions of the same gene.

What are shared environmental influences?

Nongenetic influences that make individuals living in the same family similar to each other.

What are nonshared environmental influences?

The nongenetic influences in individuals’ lives that make them different from people they live with.

What is differential susceptibility theory?

The idea that the same genetic tendencies that make an individual especially susceptible to develop problems when exposed to adverse environmental influences also make him or her especially likely to thrive when exposed to positive environmental influences.

What is sibling rivalry?

Competition between siblings, often for parental attention.

What is age grading?

The process of grouping individuals within social institutions on the basis of age.

What are cofigurative cultures?

Cultures in which young people are socialized both by adults and by each other.

What are prefigurative cultures?

Cultures in which society is changing so quickly that adults are frequently socialized by young people, rather than the reverse.

What are cliques?

Small, tightly knit groups of between 2 and 12 friends, generally of the same sex and age.

What are crowds?

Large, loosely organized groups of young people, composed of several cliques and typically organized around a common shared activity.

What is ethnography?

A type of research in which individuals are observed in their natural settings.

What are reference groups?

A group against which an individual compares him or herself.

What is behavioral genetics?

The scientific study of genetic influences on behavior.

What is molecular genetics?

The scientific study of the structure and function of genes.

What are alleles?

Different versions of the same gene.

What is a diathesis-stress model?

A perspective on psychological disorders that posits that problems are the result of an interaction between a preexisting condition (the diathesis) and exposure to stress in the environment.

What is a comprehensive high school?

An educational institution that evolved during the first half of the twentieth century, offering a varied curriculum and designed to meet the needs of a diverse population of adolescents.

What is social promotion?

The practice of promoting students from one grade to the next automatically, regardless of their school performance.

What is critical thinking?

Thinking that involves analyzing, evaluating, and interpreting information, rather than simply memorizing it.

What is familism?

An orientation toward life in which the needs of one's family take precedence over the needs of the individual.

What is generational dissonance?

Divergence of views between adolescents and parents that is common in families of immigrant parents and American-born adolescents.

What is differential susceptibility theory?

The idea that the same genetic tendencies that make an individual especially susceptible to develop problems when exposed to adverse environmental influences also make him or her especially likely to thrive when exposed to positive environmental influences.

What is the diathesis-stress model?

A perspective on psychological disorders that posits that problems are the result of an interaction between a preexisting condition (the diathesis) and exposure to stress in the environment.

What is parental demandingness?

One of two important dimensions of parenting; demandingness refers to the degree to which the parent expects and insists on mature, responsible behavior from the child.

What is behavioral genetics?

The scientific study of genetic influences on behavior.

What are allies?

Different versions of the same gene.

What are nonshared environmental influences?

The nongenetic influences in individuals’ lives that make them different from people they live with.

What is family systems theory?

Functional Perspective on family functioning that emphasizes interconnections among different family relationships (such as marital, parent–child, sibling).

What are Authoritative Parents?

Parents who use warmth, firm control, and rational, issue-oriented discipline, in which emphasis is placed on the development of self-direction.

What are authoritative parents?

Parents who use punitive, absolute, and forceful discipline, and who place a premium on obedience and conformity.

What is self-fulfilling prophecy?

Behavior is influenced by the expectations of others.

What is the goal of a Good Parent?

To be involved in their child’s life.