100 Decisive Battles!

This pharaoh defeated the Kadesh alliance in the Battle of Megiddo(1479 BC), leading to the greatest imperial Egyptian expansion.

Thutmose III

This dynasty ruled Egypt from 1786 BC to 1575 BC, when it was conquered by Ahmose, who sought early expansion afterward.

Hyksos Dynasty

This ruler initially acted as a reagent for Thutmose III before taking over and peacefully ruling as the only female pharaoh for 20 years.

Hatshepsut

This Egyptian ruler's soft foreign policy towards dissent allowed the Kadesh alliance, along with Syria and Palestine, to muster forces and secede shortly after her death.

Hatshepsut

This period of Egyptian rule, circa 2050-1710 BCE, was characterized by low social mobility ruled by a supreme Pharaoh.

Middle Kingdom

“Great” king who reigned(1279-1213 BC) in the middle of the New Kingdom(1570-1079 BC) period of Egypt

Ramesses The Great

This ruler was called "Ozymandias" and referred to as "Great Ancestor" by descendants.

Ramses The Great

Ramses II was known to be strongest warrior pharaoh of this strongest period of Egyptian history.

New Kingdom

Ramses The Great was known to be the most successful Egyptian warrior king, winning all of his at least 15 military campaigns except for this battle, which was generally considered a stalemate.

Battle Of Kadesh

This Egyptian Wolf God's festival replaced the execution of an aging pharaoh and instead celebrates their rule every 3-4 years.

Sed festival

Also known informally as the "Tail Festival", Ramses The Great celebrated this the most, about 15 times.

Sed festival

This city was newly established in the Nile delta by Ramesses II and used it as the main staging point for his campaigns in Syria.

Pi-Ramesses

After defeating the Sherden sea pirates, this ruler incorporated them into his army. They later even acted as his bodyguards!

Ramesses II

Manfred Beitak showed that a site named after this person was built on the Pelusiac branch of one river near the older city of Avaris.

Ramesses II

This great Persian ruler fought in the battle of Thymbra, controlling Lydian power and eventually taking the Neo-Babylonian throne.

Cyrus The Great

From the middle of the eighth century to the mid-fifth century, this empire dominated and terrorized the land from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean.

Assyrian

These 2 empires captured the Assyrian capital of Nineveh.

Babylonians and Medes

Grandfather of Cyrus The Great, this man was betrayed and killed to reign over the Medean Empire.

Astyages

This historian was known as the “Father Of History” and wrote the Histories – a detailed account of the Greco-Persian Wars.

Herodotus

Cyrus The Great had his first conquest and capital set at this Medean city.

Ecbatana

This Medean commander convinced Cyrus to rebel against his grandfather according to Herodotus.

Harpagos

Herodotus states that the stabbing of a sacred bull after conquering Egypt led to the death of this empire’s ruler Cambyses II.

First Persian Empire

Cyrus The Great created this system of governance to unite the empire and divide it into 20 of these provincial leaders.

Satraps

This nation, which faced the Ionian Revolt, was ruled by satraps.

First Persian Empire

This ruler established the world’s first peace treaty after his “victory” (stalemate) in the battle of Kadesh.

Thutmose III

This unremarkable son of Cyrus The Great is most known for losing his army in a dessert storm and being the son of Cyrus and the father of Darius

Cambyses The Second

This capital city was renowned and developed by Cyrus, Darius, and Xerxes.

Persepolis

The Assyrian Empire of the Fertile Crescent had it’s capital at this place.

Nineveh

This empire’s rise started with Tiglath-Pileser who led it to conquer Babylon.

Assyrian Empire

This empire began its fall after the death of Ashurbanipal in 627 BCE.

Assyrian Empire

A collection of clay tablets known as the Ebla city tablets contain early references to trading posts in this kingdom called karum

Assyrian Empire

This Great ruler conquered Western India but is most known for his failed assaults on Greece, which Herodotus recorded and embellished greatly.

Darius The Great

The polemarch Callimachus broke a 5-5 tied vote in support of fighting this battle, versus waiting for delayed allies.

Marathon

Waiting for the next full moon prevented Spartans from participating in Marathon for the Greeks because of this war and music festival.

Carneia

Pan, the Greek god of shepherds, hunters, and the wilds of nature, and son of Hermes fucked with the Persians in this battle.

Marathon

The Greeks sacrificed 500 goats to dedicate this battle’s victory to. For decades they killed one goat for every Persian casualty.

Marathon

This sworn rival of Darius thwarted him and was stopped from killing him at Marathon by other Ionian leaders who favored/were technically conquered by Persia.

MIltiades

This opposing general of Darius involved himself in Athenian politics and supported the Ionian Revolts.

Miltiades

Cleisthenes overthrew this tyrant, who fled to the Persian court after the Battle Of Marathon.

Hippias

This great Athenian ruler reformed it into a council of 500 which caused dissatisfied nobility to start to favor the Persians.

Cleisthenes

This man was the general sent by Darius to campaign early against Greece, ended at Marathon.

Datis

Most famous for being destroyed by MIlitiades and a storm, Ionian satrap who campaigned with Datis.

Artaphernes

Darius spread this to justify his rebellion against a Bardiya(legitimate successor of Cyrus) who he claimed had been impersonated by Gaumāta.

Behistun Inscription

This battle ended the attempt to expand the Persian Empire into Europe and made the Greeks the dominant population in the Mediterranean region and Europe.

Salamis

Salamis was continued by Xerxes as his fathers revenge after Darius himself died in this country suppressing a revolt.

Egypt

Xerxes was defeated by this man in his revenge matchup against the Greeks at Salamis.

Themistocles

At this battle, Ariabignes, son and general of Darius I, was killed by the brother of the playwright Aeschylus.

Salamis

This man was the son of Xerxes The Great and a general who notably died at Salamis.

Ariabignes

In this battle, a king of Calyndus known as Damasythimus was killed.

Salamis

This figure said only wooden walls would keep Athens safe from the Battle Of Salamis, whether that be ships or a literal wall, who knows?

Oracle/Pythia Of Delphi

Xerxes watched this queen attack her Persian allies to confuse the Greeks into thinking her ship as one of their own.

Artemisia

Xerxes remarked, “My men have become women, and my women have become men“ after watching this naval commander’s victory.

Artemisia

The Persians after Salamis had to rally around Psyttaleia, which was eventually captured by this Themistocles disgraced Greek general.

Aristides

This man’s father Xanthippus returned from being ostracized to lead the victorious forces at the Battle of Mycale to crush the Persians once and for all.

Pericles

This man ruled Athens to a loss in the Peloponnesian war against Sparta.

Pericles

This famous general of Sparta was ostracized and exiled by Spartan plots.

Themistocles

This man built the Greek navy and exiled Aristides later for suggesting to expand the Athenian navy to 300 trimemes(ships)

Themistocles

This Themistocles’ slave was rowed out to spread fake news infighting to lure the Persians.

Sicinnus

This battle against the Syracusan and (a little!) Spartan forces spelled the beginning of the fall of the dominating Athenian navy.

Siege of Syracuse

This man, leader of the Parthians, led them to overthrow the Seleucid Empire, weak remains of the Persian Empire headed by Alexander’s generals.

Mithridates The First

This doomed Athenian expedition of the Peloponnesian War was led by the triator Alcibiades.

Sicilian Expedition

Alcibiades led the failed Sicilian Expedition that eventually led to this war in which the Delian league lost to Sparta

Peloponnesian Wa

The tyrant Gelon led this city, which was the site of the start of the Punic Wars, to it’s peak

Sicily

At the request of Lysander Of Sparta, Critias led the cruel Thirty Tyrants oligarchy in this city after it’s defeat.

Athens

This Athenian leader was framed and forced to defect in order to avoid being executed before the battle in Syracuse for mutilating a Hermes statue.

Critias

The hot-blooded Lamachus got his army trapped in a ditch on this island, whose defense was galvanized by Gylippus after the destruction of stone statues sacred to Hermes prompted him in outrage

Sicily

Lysander led this last great Spartan victory after Conon refused to listen to Alcibiades to move out of an bad position and got his ships smashed afterward

Aegospotami

This man led the disastrous expedition against Syracuse in the Peloponnesian War and had an armistice named after him but he was executed after.

Nicias

A victorous naval commander decided to wait twenty-seven more days before leaving this island after seeing a lunar eclipse.

Sicily

This man led Athens in the Peloponnesian War, ordered the “Long Walls” to be built, and died in a plague

Pericles

This man died shortly after giving his Funeral Oration and had a famous lover named Aspasia

Pericles

This historian chronicles most famously a history of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta

Thucydides

This city was co-ruled by the Agiad and Eurypontid dynasties for several centuries and had naked men and boys dance in the Gymnopaedia festival

Sparta

This bad Roman Emperor took over and annexed Ptolemy of Mauretania after rumors of him wearing a regal purple cloak.

Caligula

A prophet predicted that this man was no more likely to become emperor than to ride a horse across the Bay of Baiae, so he built a floating bridge and rode his horse across that instead.

Caligula

This son of Germanicus was assassinated before he could appoint his horse as a consul.

Caligula

Soldiers on one of Caligula’s aborted expeditions to Britain were given the task of collecting this thing as spoils from the English Channel instead.

seashells

Caligula was nicknamed for this thing and succeeded Tiberius and was succeeded by Claudius.

little boots

Arrian of Nicomedia wrote Anabasis and recorded this ruler’s exploits centuries afterward, proclaiming the dairies of two of his generals as evidence.

Alexander The Great

This king killed his friend Cleitus the Black in a drunken argument and led a great uproar with others blaming his fall to “oriental paramour”.

Alexander The Great

After this man died in Babylon, the Hellenistic period and the wars of the Diadochi(his generals) began.

Alexander The Great

This kingdom destroyed the Sacred Band of Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea.

Alexander The Great

Alexander The Great and his Diadochi beat the Persian Empire and it’s bullshit Darius III in these two battles

Issus and Gaugamela

This horse of Alexander The Great died after he won the Battle of the Hydaspes River against King Porus in India

Bucephalus

Alexander The Great pillaged and killed in this Phoenician city after building a causeway to besiege it.

Tyre

This cavalry of Alexander The Great beat the Persians and Indians with his father’s strategy

Companion Cavalry

This man was executed by Alexander The Great for conspiracy

Parmenio

After being told that he would need “men with wings” to capture a fortress, Alexander The Great had his soldiers scale a cliff face at night to capture this Rock.

Sogdian

Sogdian Rock was captured to start an expedition against Alexander of this country, after which he married Princess Roxana.

India

These people’s greatest ruler was purportedly begged by Pope Leo I not to invade Italy and was called the "Scourge of God."

Huns

According to the historian Priscus, this ruler legendarily wielded the Sword of Mars, which was made of meteorite, according to a farmer who found it.

Attila

This historian recorded and was related to Attila.

Priscus

After Father Rugila’s death, Attila and this brother that he later killed for sole power initially co-ruled.

Bleda

Attila The Hun died on his wedding night to this last bride to a nosebleed.

Ildico

This ruler who married Valentinian III's sister Honoria demanded “half of Western Europe” as a dowry but instead, Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius II paid a tribute of 6,000 pounds of gold.

Attila

Attila attempted to invade this region after his arranged marriage with Honoria

Gaul

Visigothic king Theodoric I and this man made a coalition to stop Attila from invading Gaul.

Flavius Aetius

Attila The Hun was stopped in this battle from invading Gaul by an alliance of Flavius Aetius and Theodoric I.

Battle Of Chalons

This man died in the Battle Of Chalons but ultimately his alliance with Flavius Aeitus stopped Attila The Hun.

Theodoric I

This son of Attila was killed at the battle of Nedao which ended the Hun empire.

Ellac