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Recommended urine volume for sediment prep
10-15 mL (recommended: <12 mL)
Centrifuge speed and time for urine sediment prep
400 RCF for 5 minutes
How much urine should remain after centrifugation?
0.5-1.0 mL
Sediment volume transferred to slide and coverslip size
20 µL sediment, 22 x 22 mm coverslip
Microscope magnification for urine sediment exam
10 LPO, 10 HPO under reduced light
If <12 mL urine is available
Centrifuge 3 mL
If <3 mL urine is available
Examine sediment without centrifugation
Formula for calculating RCF
RCF = 1.118 x 10⁻⁵ x radius in cm x RPM²
Objective used first to detect casts
LPO (Low Power Objective)
Objective used for further identification
HPO (High Power Objective)
Purpose of Addis Count
Quantitative measure of formed elements using hemacytometer
Addis Count specimen and preservative
12-hour urine specimen; preservative: formalin
Normal Addis Count for RBCs
0-500,000/12-hr urine
Normal Addis Count for WBCs & ECs
0-1,800,000/12-hr urine
Normal Addis Count for hyaline casts
0-5,000/12-hr urine
Location of first lens system
Objective, adjusted near specimen
Location of second lens system
Eyepiece (ocular lens)
What does resolution mean?
Ability to distinguish two small objects apart
Meaning of parfocal
Minimal adjustment needed when switching objectives
Purpose of camel-hair brush
Remove dust from optical surface
Purpose of lens paper
Clean optical surfaces of microscope
Purpose of commercial lens cleaner
Remove contaminants on lens
How to remove oil on lens
Lens paper, then lens paper moistened with cleaner
Why avoid xylene for oil lenses
Xylene is toxic