Respiratory & Pulse Rate

What is the term for the act of breathing?
a) Respiration
b) Ventilation
c) Perfusion
d) Diffusion

a) Respiration

What is the term for the movement of gases in and out of the lungs?
a) Respiration
b) Ventilation
c) Perfusion
d) Diffusion

b) Ventilation

What is the term for the exchange of gases from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure, which occurs at the alveolo-capillary membrane?
a) Respiration
b) Ventilation
c) Perfusion
d) Diffusion

d) Diffusion

What is the term for the availability and movement of blood for transport of gases, nutrients, and metabolic waste products?
a) Respiration
b) Ventilation
c) Perfusion
d) Diffusion

c) Perfusion

What is the term for the primary respiratory control center located in the medulla oblongata?
a) Pons
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Pneumotaxic center
d) Apneustic center

b) Medulla oblongata

What is the term for the center located in the upper pons that inhibits the dorsal respiratory group (DRG), shortening inspiration to prevent lung overinflation?
a) Pons
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Pneumotaxic center
d) Apneustic center

c) Pneumotaxic center

What is the term for the center located in the lower pons that prolongs inspiration by stimulating the DRG, causing deep, slow breathing?
a) Pons
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Pneumotaxic center
d) Apneustic center

d) Apneustic center

What are the peripheral chemoreceptors that detect changes in oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and pH levels in the blood?
a) Carotid and aortic bodies
b) Muscle and joint receptors
c) Pons
d) Medulla oblongata

a) Carotid and aortic bodies

What is the term for the receptors located in skeletal muscles, tendons, and joints that detect motion and tension and send signals to the medulla to increase ventilation before CO2 levels rise?
a) Carotid and aortic bodies
b) Muscle and joint receptors
c) Pons
d) Medulla oblongata

b) Muscle and joint receptors

What is the term for the type of breathing that uses the diaphragm and abdominal muscles?
a) Costal breathing
b) Abdominal breathing
c) Thoracic breathing
d) None of the above

b) Abdominal breathing

What is the term for the type of breathing that uses the chest muscles?
a) Costal breathing
b) Abdominal breathing
c) Thoracic breathing
d) None of the above

a) Costal breathing

What is the term for normal respiration, quiet, rhythmic, and effortless?
a) Eupnea
b) Tachypnea
c) Bradypnea
d) Apnea

a) Eupnea

What is the term for quick, shallow breaths?
a) Eupnea
b) Tachypnea
c) Bradypnea
d) Apnea

b) Tachypnea

What is the term for abnormally slow breathing?
a) Eupnea
b) Tachypnea
c) Bradypnea
d) Apnea

What is the term for cessation of breathing?
a) Eupnea
b) Tachypnea
c) Bradypnea
d) Apnea

d) Apnea

A patient presents to the clinic with complaints of shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and a feeling of tightness in their chest. What is the likely cause of their symptoms?
a) Asthma
b) Pneumonia
c) Heart failure
d) All of the above

d) All of the above

A patient is recovering from surgery and is experiencing shallow breaths and a decreased respiratory rate. What is the likely cause of their symptoms?
a) Pain
b) Medications
c) Pneumonia
d) All of the above

d) All of the above

A patient is diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What is the expected respiratory pattern?
a) Eupnea
b) Tachypnea
c) Bradypnea
d) Apnea

b) Tachypnea

A patient is experiencing a sudden cessation of breathing. What is the immediate action?
a) Assess for a pulse
b) Begin CPR
c) Call for emergency medical services
d) All of the above

A patient is experiencing Cheyne-Stokes respiration. What is the likely cause?
a) Heart failure
b) Stroke
c) Brain injury
d) All of the above

d) All of the above

What is the term for the wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart and is regulated by the autonomic nervous system?
a) Pulse
b) Blood pressure
c) Heart rate
d) Cardiac output

a) Pulse

What is the term for the pressure of blood as a result of contraction of the ventricles?
a) Pulse
b) Blood pressure
c) Heart rate
d) Cardiac output

b) Blood pressure

What is the term for the number of times the heart beats per minute?
a) Pulse
b) Blood pressure
c) Heart rate
d) Cardiac output

c) Heart rate

What is the term for the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat?
a) Pulse
b) Blood pressure
c) Heart rate
d) Cardiac output

d) Cardiac output

What is the term for the site on the wrist, on the thumb side, commonly used to check pulse rate?
a) Radial pulse
b) Carotid pulse
c) Brachial pulse
d) Femoral pulse

a) Radial pulse

What is the term for the site found on either side of the neck, next to the windpipe, used in emergencies to assess circulation?
a) Radial pulse
b) Carotid pulse
c) Brachial pulse
d) Femoral pulse

b) Carotid pulse

What is the term for the site located in the upper arm, inside of the elbow, commonly checked in infants and for blood pressure measurement?
a) Radial pulse
b) Carotid pulse
c) Brachial pulse
d) Femoral pulse

c) Brachial pulse

What is the term for the site found in the groin, near the hip crease, used to assess circulation in the legs?
a) Radial pulse
b) Carotid pulse
c) Brachial pulse
d) Femoral pulse

d) Femoral pulse

What is the term for the site located behind the knee, in the popliteal fossa, used to check leg circulation?
a) Radial pulse
b) Carotid pulse
c) Brachial pulse
d) Popliteal pulse

d) Popliteal pulse

What is the term for the site on the top of the foot, between the first and second toes, used to assess circulation in the lower extremities?
a) Dorsalis pedis pulse
b) Posterior tibial pulse
c) Temporal pulse
d) Apical pulse

What is the term for the site located behind the ankle, near the Achilles tendon, important for checking peripheral circulation?
a) Dorsalis pedis pulse
b) Posterior tibial pulse
c) Temporal pulse
d) Apical pulse

b) Posterior tibial pulse

What is the term for the site found on the temples, near the outer edge of the eyes, used in assessing head trauma or temporal arteritis?
a) Dorsalis pedis pulse
b) Posterior tibial pulse
c) Temporal pulse
d) Apical pulse

c) Temporal pulse

What is the term for the site taken at the apex of the heart, located at the 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line, assessed using a stethoscope, important in heart assessments?
a) Dorsalis pedis pulse
b) Posterior tibial pulse
c) Temporal pulse
d) Apical pulse

d) Apical pulse

What is the term for the pattern and interval of beats in a pulse?
a) Rate
b) Rhythm
c) Volume
d) Elasticity

b) Rhythm

What is the term for the strength of the pulse?
a) Rate
b) Rhythm
c) Volume
d) Elasticity

c) Volume

A patient is experiencing a weak and thready pulse. What is the likely cause?
a) Hypovolemia
b) Shock
c) Poor circulation
d) All of the above

d) All of the above