Unit 4 Key Terms Defined - Ch 7 Ethnicity

What was Apartheid in South Africa?

Laws that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.

Define Balkanization.

The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities.

What is meant by a Binational state?

A state that contains two nations.

What does Blockbusting refer to?

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices due to fear of black families moving in.

What is a Centrifugal force?

A force that divides people and countries.

Define Centripetal force.

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state.

What is Cultural Relativism?

The practice of evaluating a culture by its own standards.

What is Devolution?

The delegation of authority from a central to a regional government.

Define Ethnic cleansing.

The process where a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one to create an ethnically homogeneous region.

What is an Ethnic group?

A group of people who share the same ancestors, culture, language, or religion.

Define Ethnicity.

Identity with a group of people sharing distinct physical and mental traits from common heredity and cultural traditions.

What is an Ethnic neighborhood/enclave?

An area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background.

What does Ethnocentrism mean?

The belief that one's own ethnic group is superior to all others.

Define Ethnonationalism.

The identification and loyalty a person feels for his or her nation.

What is a Multi-ethnic state?

A state that contains more than one ethnicity.

What are Multinational states?

States that contain two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully.

Define Nation.

A politically organized body of people under a single government.

What does Nationalism refer to?

Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality.

What is Nationality?

Identity with a group sharing legal attachment and personal allegiance to a place due to being born there.

What is a Nation-state?

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity transformed into a nationality.

Define Race.

Identity with a group descended from a common ancestor; the biological heritage of a group.

What is Racism?

The belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and that racial differences produce inherent superiority.

What does Self-determinism signify?

The concept that countries have the right to govern themselves.

What are Separatist movements?

Social movements for a specific group to separate from a dominant political institution under which they suffer.

What is a Sharecropper?

A person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays rent by giving a share of the crops.

Define Sovereignty.

The ability of a state to carry out actions or policies within its borders independently from interference.

What is a State?

An independent political unit with internationally recognized territorial boundaries.

What is a Stateless nation?

A nationality not represented by a state, examples include the Kurds, Palestinians, and Basques.

What was the Triangular slave trade?

A practice where European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses to Europe, and trade goods to Africa.

What does White Flight refer to?

The movement of whites out of neighborhoods in the 1950s and 1960s in opposition to integration.