Unit 8 ankle/foot/lower leg

phalanges

bones of toes

how phalanges and metatarsals are numbered

1-5 medial to lateral

Metatarsals

long bones of foot

tibia

medial

fibula

lateral

medial malleoulus

distal tibula

lateral malleolus

distal fibula

calcaneus

heel bone

cuboid

cuneiforms

talus

navicular

Planterflexion

Dorsiflexion

Pronation

Supination

inversion

Eversion

medial longitudinal arch

lateral longitudinal arch

transverse arch

functions of arches (5)

weight distribution, shock absorber, spring board, uneven surfases, protect

pes cavus

high arch

pes plantus

flat foot

overpronation

orthotics

fix pes plantus/cavis

biomechanics

laws of physiscs applied to movement of body

gastrocnemius, planterflex foot and flex knee

soleus, plantarflex feet

peroneus brevis/longus, evert foot/ankle and stabilize lateral ankle

tibilas anterior, DF and inverts foot

tibilas posterior, PF and invert foot

extensor hallucis longus (EHL), DF foot and extend big toe

Extensor digitorium longus (EDL), DF foot, extend toes 2-5

posterior talofibular ligament (PTF)

anterioir talofibular ligament (ATF)

calcenofibular ligament (CF)

deltoid ligaments

medial ankle ligament

anterior inferior tibiofibular

posterior inferior tibiofibular

interosseous membrane

ankly syndemosis

high ankle ligaments

turf toe mechanism

forceful hyperextension of big toe

turf two signs/symptoms (3)

acute turf toe treatment (3)

PRICE, tape, X-Ray

chronic turf toe treatment (6)

increase ROM, Ice, Rest, NSAIDS, Tape/padding foot, stretch/strength exersise

ankle sprain mechanism

inversion and plantarflexion

1st degree sprain time missed

1-3 days

2nd degree sprain time missed

2-4 weeks

3rd degree sprain treatment

surgery

initial treatment of ankle sprain

PRICE, NSAIDs

ankle sprain treatment after initial injury phase

mobility

proprioception

resistance exercises

endurance conditioning

sports-specific

happens in ankle fracture/dislocation

separation of tibia and fibula from talus

ankle fracture / dislocation mechanism (2)

foot forced inward/outward, foot planted and lower leg forcibly rotated

signs/symptoms of ankle fracture/dislocation

severe pain/deformity, open fracture, no weight bearing

ankle fracture/dislocation treatment

immobilize, apply light pressure, ice + elevate if no open wound

achilles tendonitis also called

achilles tendinopathy

Achilles tendinosis mechanism (5)

repetitive run/jump, run uphill, poor footwear/high heals, planus /cavis

Tendonosis

Non inflammatory degeneration of tendon

Signs/symptoms of Achilles tendinosis (5)

Edema, tenderness, crepitus, pain with DF palpation, PF weakness

Crepitus

Cracking sensation

Achilles tendonitis (6)

Rest, ice, NSAIDs, gentile stretching of Achilles, strengthening exercises, heel cup/taping Achilles tendon

Jones fracture

Fracture to base of 5th metatarsal

Jones fracture signs/symptoms (3)

Pain, swelling/deformity, tender

Jones fracture treatment

PRICE, MD referral, surgery

Avascular

Poor blood supply

Stress fracture treatment

Ice, rest, physician referral, surgery

Shin splints also known as

Medial tibial stress syndrome

shin splints mechanism (6)

Pre planus, muscle imbalance/weakness, improper warmup, poor stretching, poor biomechanics, poor footwear

Sign/symptom of shin splints (3)

Distal shin pain, muscle weakness, anterior shin pain

Shin splints treatment

Ice, rest, NSAIDs, taping/padding foot, stretching/strengthening exercises, orthotics

Plantar fasciitis mechanism (4)

Overuse, overweight, pregnant, improper footwear

Plantar fasciitis

Pain in bottom of foot by heel, pain decrease as foot warms, pain increases with standing/ PF

Heel spur treatment

Ice, NSAIDs, orthotics, night splints, stretching plantar fascia, cortisone shots, surgery

Night splint

Device that keeps plantar fascia in stretched position

turf toe

ankle sprain

ankle fracture

ankle dislocation

achilles tendonitis

jones fracture

shin splints

plantar fasciitis