Lab 1: Review + Basic Skills

in the normal heart, what side has a higher pressure?

left (probably around 130; right 0-20)

Cardiac output is the product of what 2 variables?

Q= HR x SV

Q is about how many L/min of blood at rest in a healthy individuals?

5L/min

Minute ventilation is the product of what 2 varaibles?

RR x TV

how would you calculate alveolar ventilation?

TV- Dead Space

*amount of air exchange alveoli and blood; can approximate w/ size

what is the dominant pacemaker of the heart the sets the rhythm of the heart?

SA node

what term refers to the atrial contraction that forces blood into the ventricles? is it necessary?

-”Atrial Kick”

-no not necessary. open unless ventricles squeeze. mainly have passive filling

what is the Fick Equation for O2 consumption?

VO2= Q x VAO2 difference

what causes hyperventilation in patients with obstructive or restrictive lung disease?

-have a hard time increasing TV, so compensate w/ breathing faster

*low O2 and high CO2

what is the blood flow through the heart?

RA → tri → RV → PA → lungs → PV → LA → bi → LV → aorta

what does the term tidal volume refer to?

normal breathing

*increases w/ exercise

be able to label a EKG wave

P, QRS, T

-PQ, QRS, QT, St

-Q and S always negative, R always positive

what is the order of electrical conduction of the heart?

SA node → Bachman’s bundle → AV node → HIS bundle → R/L bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

what criteria is considered bradycardia and tachycardia?

<60 and >100

what does ejection fraction mean?

% of blood ejected from the left ventricle each heart beat

*SV in relationship total fill

Mean arterial pressure is dependent upon what two variables?

MAP= Q x TPR

what EKG abnormality shows someone is having a heart attack?

ST elevation

What is the Rate Pressure Product?

RPP= SBP x HR

*gives idea of myocardial work done, keep people below this level for Rx

how is blood flow maintained in the venous system during rest and exercise?

-VD at rest, VC with exercise

what do beat blockers do?

slows down HR, also effects BP and exercise tolerance

what does a Wiggers Diagram tell us?

electrical activity, sound, and anatomical changes that cause pressure an volume change (P-V relationship)

identify the ejection period and when the aortic valve opens and a P-V graph

okay!

why would some with severe pulmonary disease develop right sided heart failure?

high resistance in the lungs, so heart works harder to compensate

what would happen if you put a BP cuff on someone for 5 minutes and then released it?

the heart would compensate and send extra blood to the arms

common response to the following during exercise

1. HR

2. SBP

3. DBP

4. SV

5. Minute Ventilation

6. TV

7. RR

8. O2 consumptions

9. Arterial O2 saturation

10. Venous O2 saturation

11. A-V O2 difference

12. Lactic Acid

1. up

2. up

3. same or slightly down

4. up

5. up

6. up

7. up

8. up

9. same

10. down

11. up

12. up

*all up except: DBP, Arterial O2 saturation, and Venous O2 saturation

be able to identify where a clot would be based on given pressures in different areas of the body (arms and legs)

okay!

3 planes of movement

-frontal (ab, ad, LF)

-sagittal (flex, extend)

-transverse (rotate, horizontal ab and ad)

be able to locate the following pusles: radial, brachial, carotid, femoral, popliteal, tibialis, pedal

okay!

*tibialis below medial mallelous, pedal on foot