Unit 4 - Skeletal System

- basic meanings and notes

Ossification

Replacement of cartilage w/ bone

Osteoblast

Produce immature bony tissue that replaces cartilage

Osteocyte 

nourishes and maintains bone

Osteoclast

Reabsorb or digest bone (remodels)

-blast

immature

-clast

to break

-cyte 

cell

What hormones regulate Ca levels in blood and bone?

PTH and Calcitonin

Diaphysis

shaft of long bones

Epiphysis

end of long bones

Metaphysis

cone like flared portion between shaft and end

Epiphysial line (plate)

growth plate that cartilage replaced by bone to bone growth (in length)

-physis

to grow

meta-

change;beyond

Articular Cartilage

Covers the end of the bones, and cushions joints and allows them to move smoothly

Compact Bone

Contains harversian systems for blood vessels, nerves, and yellow bone marrow

Cancellous Bone

Spaces that contain red bone marrow with elements for hematopoiesis

Bone Marrow

Yellow

• mostly fat 

Red:

• Rich in blood vessels

• Blood cells at different stages of development

• Hematopoiesis

• Changes to yellow in life

Ribs, pelvic bone, sternum, vertebrae, and ephysis of long bones

Long Bones

Femur, Humerus, Tibia, and Fibula

Short bones 

Carpals and Tarsals

Flat bones

Scapula and Sternum

Sesamoid bones

Patella

Irregular bones

Vertebrae

Bone processes

serve as attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

Bone depressions

openings of hollow openings, passageway for nerves and/ or vessels

Bone head

Is a bone process; and is the rounded head end of the bone

Condyle

Bone process; rounded knuckle like process

Epidcondyle

Small rounded process for tendon attachment; Bone process

Trochanter

Bone process;Femur only greater and lesser tendon attachment

Tuberosity

Small rounded elevation for tendon attachment ;bone process

Fissure

bone depression ; narrow and slit like

Foramen

Opening for blood vessels and nerves

Fossa

Shadow cavity in or out of the bone

Sinus

Hollow cavity within bon; bone depressio

Cranial bones and associated structures 

• frontal bone

• parietal bone

• temporal bone

  • temporomandibular joint

  • mastoid process

  • styloid process

• Occipetal bone

  • Foramen magnumTh

• Sphenoid bone

  • sella turcica

• Ethmoid

thorax bones

• c