Urinary A&P

kidney

a pair of bean-shaped organs located below the rib cage that filter blood to remove waste and excess fluid; maintains blood pressure and balances minerals and vitamins

cortex

the outermost layer of the kidney, located just below the renal capsule; a granular, reddish-brown tissue that contains numerous nephrons

medulla

the inner region of the kidney responsible for filtering waste, reabsorbing water and electrolytes; helps balance salts and minerals; contains loops of henle and collecting ducts

renal columns

extensions of the renal cortex that project into the renal medulla, separating the cone-shaped renal pyramids; serve as structural support for the kidney, a pathway for blood vessels entering and exiting the cortex; contains urinary tubules and fibrous material

renal pyramids

cone-shaped structures in the kidneys inner part (renal medulla) responsible for concentrating urine; composed of parallel tubules that transport urine from outer cortex to the papillae where urine drains into the calyces.

renal papilla

the tip of renal pyramids; a cone-shaped structure located at the apex of the renal pyramids in the kidney; collects urine from collecting ducts (calyces) and directs it into the renal pelvis

minor calyx

a small, funnel-shaped structure located in the kidney at the apex of each renal pyramid; collects and transports urine from renal pyramids to the major calyces

major calyx

a funnel-shaped structure in the kidney that collects urine from the minor calyces and directs it into the renal pelvis; located in renal sinus and occurs when two or more minor calyces join.

renal pelvis

a funnel-shaped structure located in the kidney that collects urine and directs it to the ureter; formed by the convergence of major calyces and exits the kidney through the renal hilum

renal artery

two large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the kidneys; originates from abdominal aorta; supplies the kidneys with oxygen and nutrients necessary for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine

renal vein

two large blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava; transports waste products and excess fluid that has been filtered from the kidneys

Nephron

has 5 parts, including renal corpuscle; the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine; composed of the renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

renal corpuscle

has 3 parts — glomerulus, bowman’s capsule and capsular space; part of the kidney’s nephron responsible for filtering blood; filters small molecules like water and ions from the blood, forming the initial filtrate that will later become urine.

glomerus

view under histology?; a cluster of nerve endings, spores, or small blood vessels, in a particular cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule, where waste products are filtered from the blood

Bowmans capsule

capsular space

proximal convoluted tubule

loop of henle

distal convoluted tubule

collecting duct

ureter

view under histology

urinary bladder

rugae

arterial openings

internal urethral sphincter

external urethral sphincter

urethra

ova-uterine system urethra has no separate devisions; testicular system urethra has three divisions

testicular urethral divisions

prostatic, membranous and spongy

prostatic urethra

membranous urethra

spongy urethra

normal pH range of urine

Abnormal urine constituents

glucose, bilirubin, ketones, blood, proteins, nitrites, & leukocytes

glucose

bilirubin

ketones

blood

protein

nitrites

leukocytes