APGov review

Declaration of independence

Break up letter with Britain, natural rights, popular sovereignty

Republic

A representative form of government

Participatory Democracy

One type of democracy in which everyone participates and an active role for individuals in politics

Pluralist Democracy

Group-based activism to impact policymaking

Elite Democracy

Only a small group, the elites, have most of the power.

Under the articles of confederations congress could

declare war, make treaties, borrow money, and coin money

Under the articles of confederations congress could not

not impose taxes or regulate commerce.

Great compromise

a plan that established a bicameral legislature, balancing representation between large and small states.

electoral college compromise

a body of electors established by the Constitution to elect the President

Three-fifth compromise

enslaved person would count as 3/5 of a person for congressional apportionment

Importation of slave compromise

slave trade could not be banned for 20 years

Article 5

Amendment Process

Amendment Process

2/3 of both houses of congress propose, ¾ of states ratify

Separation of powers

each branch is ASSIGNED SPECIFIC POWERS

Checks and Balances

each branch can LIMIT actions of other branches

Federalist 51

checks and balances, separations of powers

Federalist 10

A large republic is the best way to limit the negative effects of factions and is better for the diversity of politics.

Brutus NO. 1

Opposed the Constitution and supported states’ rights and local governments

Federalism (Division of powers)

Division of power between federal, state, and local governments

Concurrent Powers

Held by both federal and state governments

Reserved Powers

States’ power

Delegated Powers

Given to the federal government

Dynamic federalism

changing balance of powers between federal and state governments

Dual Federalism

States and Federal are each supreme in their own sphere, power don’t overlap

Cooperative Federalism

States and federal share responsibilities, costs, and administration of policies; increases federal power

A way the fed. gov has gain more power

By giving money to the states

Block grants

Federal money to the states for use within a broad policy area

Categorical Grants

Federal money to states for a specific purpose

Mandates

Rules that states must follow, whether the federal government provides money or not

Necessary and Proper Clause

Creates Implied powers

Enumerated powers

Powers directly expressed in the Constitution

Implied Powers

Powers of Congress not directly written in the Constitution

Filabubsters and holds

slow down plawmaking

discharge petitions, committee of the whole, and unanimous consent agreements

seepd up policy making

Logrolling

“you vote for mine, I vote for yours” help get stuff pass

Pork barrel legilslation

Benefits to a congressional district

Mandatory spending

Required by law, can only be changed by new legislation and includes entitlement programs and interest on the debt. It is is 70%

Discretionary Spending

Defense is the largest part here, Congress can decide on what to spend

Trustee

Representatives vote for what they think is the best

Delegate

Representatives vote for what thier constituents want

Politico

sometimes delegate sometimes trustee

Formal powers of the President

Commander-in-chief and veto power

Inofrmal powers of the President

executive orders, signning statements, and executive agreemens

Liberal ideology

favor increased economic regulation and more social reforms

conservative

favor less economic regulation and support traditional values over social freedoms

Libertarians

support economic and social freedom

Keynesian economics

Gov should interfere in economics by increasing spending

Supply-side economics

Gov should cut taxes

Fiscal policy

Gov controls the economy by taxes

Rational choice voting

votes for what is the best for your interests

retrospective voting

vote based on the recent past of the candidate

prospective voting

vote for who you think is gonna do better in the future