Anatomy Unit 1 Study Guide

Medical Word Roots, Prefixes & Suffixes, Directional Terms, Body Planes, Body Cavities

Superior

Towards the head; end or upper part of a structure.

Inferior

Away from the head end; toward the lower part of a structure.

Anterior (Ventral)

Front of the body

Posterior (Dorsal)

Backside of the body

Lateral

Away from the midline; on the outer side of

Medial 

Towards or at the midline; on the inner side of 

Proximal

Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment

Distal

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment

Superficial (Exerternal)

Toward or at the body surface

Deep (Internal)

Away from the body surface, on the inside 

Sagittal

lengthwise cut into left and right parts unevenly

Midsagittal

lengthwise cut into left and rise party Equally

Frontal

Lengthwise cut into anterior and prosterior

Transverse 

Horizontally cut into superior and inferior 

2 Main Body Cavities are…

Dorsal (Posterior) and Ventral (Anterior)

Cavities include

Cranial, Spinal, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic or abdominopelvic

Levels of Organizations

chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Anatomy 

The structures and the parts of the body 

Physiology

The movement of the body

Muscular System

maintaining body function and enabling movement

Skeletal System

providing the body with support and a framework for movement

Digestive System 

Breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body.

Circulatory System

Transports oxygen and has hormones that is connected to the body tissue. Removes waste products like carbon dioxide

Respiratory System

Gas Exchange, Breathing, Sound Production

Nervous System

Receives sensory input, Interprets information to make choices

Produces motor output to then control the muscles and glands

Urinary or Excretory System 

Filtering waste products from the blood and eliminating them from the body as urine. Regulates pH and water/ electrolyte balance

Endocrine System

Regulating mood 

Growth and development 

Tissue function 

Fight or Flight mode 

Metabolism 

Blood Glucose

Sexual Function
Reproductive processes.

Reproductive System 

Produced offstring which involved producing gametes (sperm and egg), Allowed for fertilization and nurturing and protecting the offspring until birth

Integumentary System

Barrier against infection (1st line of defense), Helps regulate body temp

Lymphatic System

Keeps fluid levels balanced, and defends against infections

RUQ

Right Upper Quadrant

RLQ 

Right Lower Quadrant 

LUQ

Left Upper Quadrant

LLQ

Left Lower Quadrant

The first set of abdominopelivc regions are the…

Right Hypochondriac, Epigastric Region, Left Hypochondriac

The second set of abdominopelvic regions are the…

Right Lumbar, Umbilical Region, Left Lumbar 

The third set of abdominopelvic regions are the…

Right Inguinal, Hypogastric, Left Inguinal