islamm

Who was Mohammed

Mohammed was born in Mecca, orphaned at a young age and worked in caravan trade

When did Mohammed begin receiving revelations from allah, which became the foundation of Islam?

610

What did Mohammed preach

there is one god, Allah and that all people should submit to him. At the final judgment, those who had submitted to Allah would go to paradise those who did not went to hell.

What is Mecca?

The holy city that was home to Ka’ba, birthplace of Mohammed and was a caravan city

What is Medina

The place where Mohammed and his followers fled in 622. Here the first Islamic community was formed(umma)

Jerusalem

where Muhammad ascended to heaven and spoke with allah(not in Quran, a story/myth)

First pillar of faith

Belief in one god(allah) and his messenger Mohammed

Second pillar of faith

Pray five times a day facing Mecca

Third pillar of faith

Give Alms to the poor

Fourth pillar of faith

Fast during Ramadan

Fifth pillar of faith

Pilgrimage to Mecca(hajj)

What is the Quran?

The final revelation of God, superseding earlier revelations to Noah, Moses, and Jesus.

Who is Abu Bakr?

Muhammad’s father in law and the first CALIPH. He was a consolidated Muslim authority. He also organized the Quran into book form.

What was the Death of Ali/ split of Islam?

The Islam faith split into three divisions which were Shi’ites, Sunnis, and Kharijites.

What caused the split of Islam

The reason this happened was because a civil war was fought between those who supported keeping the caliphate in Uthman’s clan (the Ummaya) and those who supported the claim of Muhammad’s first cousin and son-in-law Ali

Who are the Shi’ites

Believed that caliphs must descend from Ali

Who are the Sunnis?

Supported earlier caliphs and the Umayyad’s

Who are the Kharijites

Radical sect that broke away

What caused the spread of Islam?

Conquests spread Islam into places like Syria, Egypt, Persia, and Spain

Why did the spread of Islam succeed

The spread of Islam succeeded because of the talent of Muslim leaders and the structure of Arab society

Why is conversion significant in Islam?

Conversion and urbanization were related. During the early period of Islamic expansion, converts to Islam needed to learn about their new religion and found that the best way to do so was to move to the wealthy, expanding urban areas where the Muslim population was concentrated.(Mendive, 202something idk)

Protection of Greek/Roman Knowledge

Under Abbasids, the translation of Greek texts, Literature and learning thrived. They also made skills and theories far more advanced than the ones of Christian Europe.

Why is Algebra related to Islam?

Advanced math, algebra comes from the word “al-jabr” also built on work of Greek civilizations

What are Mamluks?

Mamluks are Turkish Slave soldiers used by Abbasid caliphs

How else were mamaluks significant?

In the late ninth century, when they were not paid enough, the mamluks took control of the caliphate and chose whoever they wanted to be caliph and dominated the government.

what are crusades?

European Christian invasions of Islamic land. Muslims, Under Saladin resisted and drove the Christians out. (Beginning with the third crusade.)

What were Women’s roles in Islam

Muslim women were veiled and secluded. Women could be influential in the family, but only slave women could have a public role or appear in public before men. By 1300 AD Women had little to no rights due to Islamic forces conquering new areas and changing their views on women.

Important women in Islam

Muhammad’s faithful first wife Khadija and his daughter Fatima. These women are held up as models of female propriety.

What is Sharia Law?

Islamic law or Shari’a, evolved over time in response to the Muslim community’s need for a legal code. The most important source of law was the traditions of the Prophet (sunna) as revealed in reports (hadith) about his words or deeds.

Madrassas

A religious institution that provided a sense of community for Muslims as they carried Islam into new regions.