medcine in britain 1500-1700

Renaissance

Rebirth

Main ideas on cause of disease (continuity did to influence of church

Miasma , supernatural beliefs

Transference

Belief that illness can be transferred

Change in ideas of cause of disease

Decline in god causing illness and four humours but still not replaced with new ideas yet

Humanism (Renaissance)

Believe in what you've learnt and humans could make up their own minds when discovering the truth of the world around them

Why was the printing press important?

Allowed knowledge to spread rapidly, led to new ideas and rapid change

When was the printing press invented?

1440

Who created the printing press?

Johannes Gutenberg

What did humanism lead to

Questioning the church

What did humanism focus on

Direct observation and experiments to explain what hunts rather than blame the supernatural

Thomas Sydenham (English Hippocrates)

English physician who stressed the importance of observing and recording symptoms (scientific process )

When did Sydenham publish 'Medical Observations'?

1676

Who's medical theories became popular again in the renaissance

Galen and Hippocrates

What did the rediscovery of Hippocrates ideas mean for the renaissance

People began to dissect human bodies and there were illustrations in medical books

How else did Galen and Hippocrates mean development in science

People now were willing to prove them wrong

What did the college of physicians do

Improved training and encouraged scientific observation

What ideas did college of physicians teach

Galen's works

When was the College of Physicians set up?(where doctors received a license )

1518

fugitive sheets

Copies of pictures which come from medical textbooks.

Did quack doctors get a license

No

What did Pare do?

developed a new more effective ointment for preventing infections and artificial limbs

Where did pare gain his information

In the french army

When did pare publish his book (collected works of ambroise pare

1575

What did Vesalius do?

Dissected , studied the human body and published beautiful diagrams which were anatomically correct

What book did Vesalius write that proved Galen wrong in at least 300 ways ? 1543

Fabrica (fabric of the human body )

Which anatomists did Vesalius inspire

Fabricus and falopius

What did William Harvey discover?

blood circulation and proved Galen wrong

How did Harvey have a long term impact

1901 blood groups discovered which made blood transfusions successful

Why did Harvey have somewhat of a status

He was the doctor of king James I(1618)

Did Harvey's ideas have a huge impact

Very little practical use in medicine , doctors criticised him , didn't help with treatments

What did Galen believe on the heart

Blood was absorbed by the body

When was the Royal Society set up?

1660

Who set up the royal society

Charles II

What was the royal society's journal to spread medical ideas

Philosophical transactions

What did philosophical transactions publish

Newton's theory on light and colours

Royal Society Motto

Nullius in verba

Nullius in verba

Take nobody's word for it

Secular

Non-religious

What happened to British hospitals in England (1536-1541)

Closed by Henry VIII as often ran by monasteries

What led to more discoveries

New weapons causing more injuries

How did they prevent and treat disease (continuity )

Bloodletting, herbal remedies , removal of bad air(pomanders) , apothecaries for the poor and women caring for the sick

What was a change in prevention and treatment of disease

People looked for chemical cures and hospitals started to treat people with wounds and infections

how else would they treat disease

transference

Why was there a lack of alternatives

Influence of church mainly

Quackery

Treatment that pretends to cure disease

What did doctors still lack

Training

Who were hospitals funded by

Rich people

Pest house

Hospitals that specialised in one disease

2 types of surgeons

Barber and professional

Professional surgeons

Trained at uni , well paid

Barber surgeons

Unqualified , not well respected

When was the great plague

1665

What did people believe caused the great plague

Miasma , four humours , god , alignment of the planets

Treatments of the great plague

Prayer , quarantine , bloodletting , smoking , pomanders , sweat it out , wrap in wooden clothes(physicians) , quack doctors advised remedies to make money

Prevention of the Great plague

Banned public meetings , sweeping streets , tar and herbs to ward off miasma

Why was the plague seemed to be ending in 1666

Great fire of london

How many dogs and cats were killed

40,000 and 200,000

What did King Charles pass a decree for

People to fast regularly

Why did plague doctors wear special suits

Masks filled with flowers and coats covered in wax to avoid miasma and pus , birds were meant s to attract the plague out of a person

How many people died in the great plague

100,000