Disorders of the Upper GI Tract: Gastritis, GERD, PUD - Pathophysiology & Pharmacology

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to disorders of the upper GI tract, focusing on gastritis, GERD, PUD, and their pharmacological management.

Gastritis

Inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which can be acute or chronic.

Acute Gastritis

Sudden inflammation of the gastric mucosa caused by NSAIDs, alcohol, stress, or bacterial toxins.

Chronic Gastritis

Progressive inflammation leading to epithelial thinning, commonly caused by H. pylori or autoimmune disorders.

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

An ulcer that occurs in the gastric or duodenal mucosa due to acid exposure and can be caused by H. pylori or NSAIDs.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A condition resulting from lower esophageal sphincter (LES) dysfunction, leading to acid reflux.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

A class of drugs that reduce stomach acid production; examples include omeprazole and pantoprazole.

H2 Receptor Antagonists

Drugs that block histamine H2 receptors to decrease stomach acid secretion; example: famotidine.

Antacids

Medications that neutralize stomach acid to relieve heartburn and acid indigestion.

H. pylori

A bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa and is associated with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers.

Barrett's esophagus

A condition resulting from chronic GERD, where the esophageal lining changes and has an increased risk for esophageal cancer.

Clinical Red Flags for Upper GI Bleeding

Include hematemesis, melena, unexplained weight loss, anemia, and new symptoms in patients over age 50.

Complications of Gastritis

Include peptic ulcer disease, upper GI bleeding, pernicious anemia, and gastric carcinoma.

Nursing Priority in GI Bleeding

Assess hemodynamic stability and notify the healthcare provider.