#4: Nationalism, Sectionalism, and Reform

System of patronage in which loyal party members are rewarded with government jobs

Spoils System

The forced removal of Native Americans from the Southeast to "Indian Territory" out West

Trail of Tears

He improved the telegraph and revolutionized long-distance communication

Cyrus Field

Was also known as the Lone Star Republic and was an independent nation for 9 years before being annexed to the United States

Republic of Texas

Organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

African American abolitionist who wrote "An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World"

David Walker

Economic crisis that resulted from the destruction of the Bank of the United States

Panic of 1837

Name given to prospectors who rushed to California in the hopes of finding gold

Forty-niners

Radical abolitionist and publisher of The Liberator

William Lloyd Garrison

Warning to all European nations that no further colonization in the Western Hemisphere would be tolerated

Monroe Doctrine

Utopian community in Indiana

New Harmony

Conflict that occurred after disputed territory in Texas was annexed by the United States

Mexican-American War

This internal improvement extended from Maryland to Illinois

National Road

He was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and was best known for increasing the power of the national government at the expense of the states

John Marshall

He was president during the Trail of Tears and the collapse of the Bank of the United States

Martin Van Buren

Catholic mission converted into a fort that was overrun by Mexican forces, leading to the rally cry of the war

The Alamo

He was the inventor of the sewing machine

Isaac Singer

Differences which brought about regional conflicts

Sectionalism

Mormon movement West by Brigham Young that ended in Utah

Mormon Trail

Religious revival movement of the 1830s and 1840s that increased church membership and sparked reform

Second Great Awakening

Stip of land purchsed by the US from Mexico for the purpose of building a transcontinental railroad through the area

Gadsden Purchase

Began the Mormon religion and was killed by an angry mob in Indiana

Joseph Smith

Runaway slave and abolitionist who founded The North Star, an abolitionist publication

Frederick Douglass

Entrepreneur who began to mass produce vulcanized rubber

Charles Goodyear

Large tract of land that was transferred to the US from Mexico after the Mexican-American War

Mexican Cession

He brought plans for a mechanized textile factory from Great Britain

Samuel Slater

The movement discourages the consumption of alcohol and claimed that the abuse of alcohol was the root of many social problems

Temperance Movement

He proposed the American System with the renewal of the BUS, a protective tariff, and a system of internal improvements.

Henry Clay

This agreement ceded Florida to the United States from Spain

Adams-Onis Treaty

Inventor of the first steamboat, The Clermont

Robert Fulton

Social worker who made great strides in improving the conditions for the imprisoned and mentally ill

Dorothea Dix

Area where gold was discovered in California in 1849, causing thousands to rush to California hoping to strike it rich quickly

Sutter's Mill

New England writer and Transcendentalist

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Believer in the right for states to nullify law, and author of South Carolina Exposition and Protests against the Tariff of Abominations

John C Calhoun

Writer, transcendentalist, and author of "Civil Disobedience"

Henry David Thoreau

He invented the steel plow which enabled farmers to work more efficiently and cultivate more acres of farmland

John Deere

Presidential candidate in 1844 that called for "54'40 or Fight!" in regard to the Oregon Dispute

James K Polk

Campaign Slogan for Whig candidate William Henry Harrison

Tippecanoe and Tyler, too

He won the presidential election of 1824 in the House of Representatives amid claims of a "corrupt bargain"

John Quincy Adams

School of art that concentrated on glorifying the American landscape

Hudson River School

The idea that a woman's role in society should be that of wife and mother

Cult of Domesticity

He obtained a patent for the cotton gin and demonstrated the use of interchangeable parts

Eli Whitney

The agreement that ended the Mexican-American War

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Factory system in Massachusetts which generally employed young women who lived on site

Lowell System

Rule limiting the ability of Congress to debate issues regarding slavery

Gag Resolution

Event of the mid-1840s that caused thousands of Irish to migrate to the United States and Canada

Potato Famine

Political party that emerged in opposition to the policies of the Jackson Administration

Whig Party

Series of laws in the South which prohibited rights for blacks

Black Codes

Conflict that occurred when the people of Texas claimed independence from Mexico

Texas Revolution

Route to the West than began in Missouri and weaved through the Southwest

Santa Fe Trail

Accusation that the winner of the Election of 1824, John Quincy Adams, had stolen the election from frontrunner Andrew Jackson

Corrupt Bargain

Admitted Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and established the 36'30 line, above which slavery was prohibited

Missouri Compromise

The "Big Ditch" that connected the Hudson River to the Great Lakes and was constructed completely by the state of New York

Erie Canal

The nickname given to the Republic of California after it claimed independence from Mexico

Bear Flag Republic

He led an armed slaver revolt in Virginia in 1830

Nat Turner