Period 4 (1800-1848)

Suffrage

The right to vote in political elections.

Marbury v. Madison

A landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review.

Era of Good Feeling

A period of relative political harmony in the US following the War of 1812.

Monroe Doctrine

A principle of US policy that opposition to European colonialism in the Americas.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement that emphasized individual salvation and personal faith.

Transcendentalism

A philosophical movement advocating for the inherent goodness of people and nature.

Cotton gin

A machine invented by Eli Whitney that efficiently removes seeds from cotton fiber.

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

A Supreme Court case that ruled that private corporate contracts could not be altered by the state.

Missouri Compromise

An agreement that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance between slave and free states.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Legislation that authorized the forced relocation of Native Americans to lands west of the Mississippi.

Fletcher v. Peck

A Supreme Court case that ruled a state could not invalidate a contract.

Gibbons v. Ogden

A Supreme Court case that affirmed federal control of interstate commerce.

Panic of 1819

The first major financial crisis in the United States, leading to a severe economic depression.

American Temperance Society

An organization founded to promote the abstinence from alcohol.

Cult of Domesticity

A belief system that emphasized women's roles as homemakers and moral guardians of the family.

Frederick Douglass

An abolitionist leader who advocated for the end of slavery and fought for civil rights.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The treaty that ended the Mexican-American War, granting the US significant territory.

Nationalism

A strong sense of pride and loyalty to one’s nation.

Agrarian society

A community or society based primarily on agriculture as the main form of economic production.

War hawks

Young Democratic-Republicans who promoted war, particularly against Britain.

Hartford Convention

A series of meetings where New England Federalists discussed their grievances during the War of 1812.

Oneida Community

A religious commune that practiced complex marriage and shared property.

Hudson River School

An American art movement known for its landscape paintings emphasizing the beauty of the American wilderness.