Plant Physiology: Water and Plant Cells

These flashcards cover key concepts related to water and plant physiology, helping to reinforce understanding of the material as outlined in the lecture notes.

Water is a key resource limiting plant productivity in __.

agriculture and natural ecosystems.

Plants lose large amounts of water via __ at leaf surfaces.

transpiration.

The uptake of CO2 for photosynthesis is coupled to the loss of __.

water.

The structure and properties of water allow it to act as an __ solvent.

excellent.

The movement of molecules from higher to lower concentrations is called __.

diffusion.

The chemical potential of water is a representation of its __ energy.

free.

Osmosis is the diffusion of __ across a selectively permeable membrane.

water molecules.

Cohesion in water is due to extensive __ bonding between water molecules.

hydrogen.

Water potential is a measure of energy per unit of __.

volume.

The major components of water potential include __, pressure, and gravity.

concentration.

Pure water has a solute potential (Ys) of __ MPa.

0.

Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins that form __ channels across the membrane.

water selective.

Hydrogen bonding gives water a high __ strength.

tensile.

Water movement in roots can occur via three main pathways: apoplast, symplast, and __ pathways.

transmembrane.

Water flow through the apoplastic pathway is obstructed by the __ strip.

Casparian.

Water potential can be dissected into three components: pressure, solute, and __ potential.

gravitational.

Root hairs increase the surface area for __ absorption by the plant.

water.

Water content and movement in soil depend on soil type and __.

structure.

Cavitation in the xylem refers to the formation of __ due to large tensions.

bubbles.

The driving force for water flow from the soil through the plant is the __ of water potential.

gradient.

The cohesion-tension theory explains the transport of water in the __.

xylem.

Pressure-driven bulk flow in the xylem requires a small __ gradient.

pressure.

__ is the process where water evaporates from the leaf surface to the atmosphere.

Transpiration.

The pit membranes in xylem conduits help prevent __ from spreading.

embolisms.

Water movement within a leaf is controlled by gradients in water __.

potential.

Water moves toward regions of lower water potential or low free __.

energy.

Solute accumulation helps maintain turgor and __ in plant cells.

volume.

Loss of water from leaf cells generates __ that pulls water through the xylem.

tension.

Water movement through membranes can occur by diffusion through the membrane __ and through aquaporins.

bilayer.

Tracheids and vessel elements are two main types of water transport cells in the __.

xylem.

Mature regions of the root are __ permeable to water.

less.

The tension created in the xylem is powered by the __ during photosynthesis.

sun.

Guttation is the production of liquid droplets on the edges of leaves due to root __.

pressure.

In xylem, water flows at a rate described by __ law.

Poisseuille’s.

Water is pulled from the xylem into leaf __ cells.

mesophyll.

Plant roots rely heavily on __ for water uptake.

aquaporins.

The major factors influencing water potential in plants include concentration, pressure, and __.

gravity.

Plants regulate water loss through their __, allowing CO2 uptake while preventing excess loss.

stomata.

Water potential can be calculated using the equation Yw = Ys + Yp + Yg, where Ys is __ potential.

solute.

Water moves from areas of __ water potential to areas of lower potential.

higher.

In plants, a significant amount of water can be lost through __ for photosynthesis.

transpiration.

Plants responding to water stress can experience reduced __, affecting their growth.

photosynthesis.

The Casparian strip is found in the __ of plant roots.

endodermis.

Water potential gradients in plants help determine the movement of water in and out of cells, influencing __ processes.

physiological.