CompTIA A+ 220-1101 Study Notes

CompTIA A+ 220-1101 certification exam preparation flashcards in Fill-in-the-Blank style.

The __ is the primary circuit board in a computer, connecting all hardware components and allowing communication between them.

motherboard

Common motherboard sizes include ATX, Micro-ATX, and __.

Mini-ITX

___ temporarily stores data for quick access by the CPU, significantly affecting performance.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Desktop RAM uses __, while laptops use SO-DIMMs.

DIMMs (Dual In-Line Memory Modules)

DDR5 offers higher bandwidth and lower __, ideal for high-performance computing.

latency

__ solutions prevent thermal throttling, which can slow down the CPU when temperatures get too high.

Cooling

__ improves heat transfer between the CPU and heat sink in air cooling systems.

Thermal paste

__ Mode saves the current session to RAM for quick wake-up.

Sleep

Laptops use __, limiting upgrade options, while desktops use standard form factors making upgrades easier.

manufacturer-specific motherboards

__ is the primary high-speed interface for modern expansion cards.

PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)

__ slots are the standard slot for dedicated graphics cards (GPUs).

PCIe x16

__ combines SSD speed with HDD storage capacity.

Hybrid Drives (SSHD)

__ are commonly used for high-definition movies and large data backups.

Blu-ray Discs (BD)

__ can be inserted or removed without shutting down the system.

Hot-Swappable Storage Devices

__ use RJ-45 connectors and support Ethernet speeds of 1 Gbps, 2.5 Gbps, 5 Gbps, or 10 Gbps.

Wired NICs

The __ converts AC from a wall outlet into DC for the computer’s components.

power supply unit (PSU)

The __ is the most critical voltage rail as it powers CPUs and GPUs.

+12V

The exposing step in the EP imaging process involves using a __ to discharge selected areas of the drum to form an image.

laser

The correct order of the EP imaging process is: Processing → Charging → Exposing → Developing → Transferring → Fusing → __.

Cleaning

The __ moves the toner from the drum onto the paper.

transferring step

__ use heat-sensitive paper.

Thermal printers

__ is a common printer interface and has a higher transfer rate than serial and parallel connections.

USB

__ is not an authentication method but is used for file and printer sharing.

SMB (Server Message Block)

__ can track who printed specific documents.

Audit logs

__ cabling is immune to electromagnetic and radio-frequency interference.

Fiber-optic

__ cables use connectors like F-type and BNC (Bayonet Neill–Concelman).

Coaxial

__ cables have categories like Cat 5, Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6a.

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

In a __ topology, devices connect to a central hub or switch.

Star

__ is used in wired networks for network communication.

CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection)

__ cable uses T568A on one end and T568B on the other.

Ethernet crossover

__: Ethernet standard supporting 10 Gbps over twisted-pair copper cables.

10GBaseT

A __ directs packets across multiple networks.

Router

A __ uses MAC addresses to forward data.

Switch

__ cables are required for running network cables in spaces like ceilings and ventilation ducts.

Plenum-rated

__ benefits include more storage space on the network and faster data access.

SAN (Storage Area Network)

__ helps diagnose network issues.

Troubleshooting tools

__ uses radio waves to connect devices rather than cables.

wireless network

__ provide wireless connectivity to clients.

Access Points (AP)

__ directs traffic between networks and enables communication with the internet.

Router

__ offers faster speeds and less interference compared to 2.4 GHz.

5 GHz

__ is the latest standard, with better efficiency, higher speeds, and improved security.

Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax)

__ are designed for small-scale setups, typically used by small businesses or home offices.

SOHO networks

__ protect the network from unauthorized access.

Firewall

__ involve a router connected to a switch for wired devices and an access point for wireless devices.

LAN Setups

__ ensure strong Wi-Fi encryption, set up a firewall, and use secure passwords for all devices.

Security settings

__ are used for secure remote access if working from home or other locations.

VPNs

__ rely on cloud storage, email, and collaboration tools.

SOHOs

__ tools are used for monitoring, troubleshooting, and security updates.

Network management

__ provide various functionalities to facilitate communication and resource sharing over a network.

Network services

__ resolves human-readable domain names to IP addresses.

DNS (Domain Name System)

__ assigns dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

__ handles the sending of emails between servers.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

__ synchronizes the clocks of devices on a network to a reference time source.

NTP (Network Time Protocol)

__ encrypts internet traffic and allows secure remote access to private networks.

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

__ provides a framework for storing and managing data about users, devices, and services on a network.

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)

__ allows file sharing over a network.

NFS (Network File System)

__ involves creating virtual versions of physical resources.

Virtualization

__ divides a physical server into multiple virtual machines (VMs).

Server Virtualization

A __ is software that enables the creation of VMs.

Hypervisor

__ combines physical storage devices into a single, virtualized storage pool.

Storage Virtualization

__ abstracts network resources to create virtual networks over physical networks.

Network Virtualization

__ runs applications in isolated environments without needing them to be installed directly on the user's device.

Application Virtualization

__ can be easily backed up, replicated, and restored.

VMs

__ runs directly on hardware.

Type 1 (Bare-metal)

__ runs on top of a host operating system.

Type 2 (Hosted)

__ involves delivering computing services over the internet.

Cloud computing

__ is cloud services provided by third-party vendors and made available to the public.

Public Cloud

__ is cloud infrastructure dedicated to a single organization.

Private Cloud

A __ is a mix of both public and private clouds.

Hybrid Cloud

__ provides virtualized computing resources.

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

__ offers a platform for developing, testing, and deploying applications.

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

__ delivers software applications over the internet.

SaaS (Software as a Service)

__ ensures that only authorized users can access cloud resources.

Access Control

__ adheres to security standards and regulations.

Compliance

__ manages computations and tasks.

Processor (CPU)

__ is temporary storage for active applications and processes.

Memory (RAM)

__ CPUs have lower power consumption.

Mobile version

__ SSD is even faster than SATA SSDs.

NVMe

__ graphics card is separate for gaming, design.

Dedicated

__ Watt-hours (Wh) or milliamp-hours (mAh).

Value is measured in

__ convert AC to DC power.

Power adapters

__ laptops use liquid cooling.

Some high-performance

__is a wired network connection.

Ethernet (RJ-45)

__types are LED, OLED, IPS, TN panels.

Display

__ adapters, battery degradation.

Battery not charging: Faulty

__ paste needs replacement.

Overheating: Dust in cooling system, thermal

__ insufficient RAM, outdated storage.

Slow performance:

__ a single chip integrating CPU, GPU, RAM, and modem.

System on

__ Mobile RAM is optimized for power efficiency.

Memory (RAM):

__ is faster, used in modern smartphones.

UFS (Universal Flash Storage):

__ LCD (Liquid Crystal Display): Older tech, lower contrast.

Display value

__ Sensor: Turns off the screen during calls.

Proximity

__ wireless charging available in premium devices.

Battery

__ for Short-range wireless communication for data exchange.

Bluetooth

__ is Heavy gaming, poor heat dissipation.

Mobile Device Overheating:

Introduced digital voice__

2G (Second Generation) communication

Faster data transfer, enabling mobile internet, video calls, and__

3G (Third Generation) streaming

Uses mmWave (millimeter wave) and sub-6 GHz__

5G (Fifth Generation) frequencies

Wireless internet access using__

Wi-Fi wireless routers

Short-range wireless communication for__

Bluetooth data exchange