Lecture on Wood and Its Properties

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards crafted to help students understand and memorize key concepts related to wood and its properties.

Wood

A porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants.

Porous

Having tiny holes that allow air or liquid to pass through.

Fibrous

Consisting of or characterized by fibers.

Natural Wood

Wood that is sourced directly from trees.

Engineered Wood

Wood products made by binding or fixing strands, particles, fibers, or veneers together with adhesives.

Hardwood

Wood from dicot angiosperm trees usually broad-leaved.

Softwood

Wood from gymnosperm trees, often conifers.

Sapwood

The younger, softer living portion of wood that provides support and conducts water and nutrients.

Heartwood

The older, harder core of a tree that is usually darker and denser than sapwood.

Annual Ring

A concentric layer of wood produced during a single growth year.

Phloem

The layer of tissue that carries food from the leaves to the growing parts of the tree.

Pith

The innermost central portion of a tree.

Bark

The external covering of a tree.

Mechanical Properties

Characteristics of wood related to its strength and durability.

Tensile Strength

The resistance of wood to being pulled apart.

Compressive Strength

The capacity of wood to withstand axial loads.

Shear Strength

The ability of wood to resist shearing forces.

Bending Strength

The ability of wood to withstand bending forces.

Torsion Strength

The resistance of wood to twisting forces.

Moisture Content

The percentage of water contained in wood.

Density

The mass of wood per unit volume.

Water Content

The amount of moisture in the wood.

Grains

The pattern or texture of wood as determined by its fibers.

Knots

Imperfections in wood where branches were once attached.

Philippine Hardwood

Types of hardwood specifically found in the Philippines.

Kamagong

A type of hardwood known as Philippine Ebony, characterized by its black heartwood.

Molave

A hardwood with a pale yellow to pinkish-brown color, used in outdoor applications.

Narra

A popular tropical wood with a lustrous quality and classified as endangered.

Yakal

A resilient wood with yellow to golden-red tones, suitable for outdoor furniture.

ASTM D4761

Standard test methods for mechanical properties of lumber and wood-based materials.

ASTM D198

Standard test methods for static tests of lumber in structural sizes.

ASTM D143

Standard test methods for small clear specimens of timber.

Static Bending

A test to measure the bending strength of wood.

Compression

The process of reducing volume under pressure.

Splintering

A form of wood failure where wood breaks into thin pieces.

Brash Tension

A type of wood failure occurring under tensile stress.

Trestle Bridge

A bridge that is supported by frames made of short spans.

Truss Bridge

A bridge design that includes triangular structures for support.

Arch Bridge

A bridge with a curved structure and supports at each end.

Timber Structure

A construction using wood as the primary material.

Engineered Wood Products

Wood products made from multiple layers or pieces of wood.

Manufactured Board

Board made from glued wood layers or fibers.

Plywood

A widely used manufactured timber made by gluing together veneers.

MDF

Medium Density Fiberboard, a type of engineered wood product.

Veneers

Thin sheets of wood obtained by slicing logs.

Particle Board

A board made from small wood particles glued together.

Fiber Boards

Boards made from bonded wood fibers.

Batten Board

A board made up of strips of wood joined together.

Block Board

A board having a core made of strips of wood.

Wood Seasoning

The process of drying wood to reduce moisture.

Deforestation

The clearing of trees to use the land for other purposes.

Desertification

The process by which fertile land becomes desert.

Ozone Depletion

The reduction of the ozone layer caused by environmental factors.

Greenhouse Gas

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere.

Overexploitation

Unsustainable use of resources leading to depletion.

Natural Hazard

An event that causes harm to human beings and the environment.

Strength Properties

The physical characteristics of wood that determine its strength and durability.

Friction

The resistance to motion when two surfaces are in contact.

Flexural Strength

The ability of wood to withstand bending forces.

Compression Wood

Wood that forms under stress and increases density.

Tension Wood

Wood that forms under tension and allows flexibility.

Wood Wrapping

A form of damage resulting from moisture changes in wood.

Wood Aging

Changes in wood properties over time due to environmental effects.

Fire Resistance

The ability of wood to withstand exposure to fire.

ASTM D5456

Standard Test Methods for Compression Vertical Parallel to the Grain