Climate, Factors affecting climate, and glaciers (geo)

Geo

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Average Annual Temperature

add up the avg temp for each month and / by 12

Temperature Range

the number of degrees between highest and lowest monthly temp
continental: range over 25
maritime: range under 25

Growing Season

is shown by shading the area under the red lie & above 6 degrees C (incl) in green

Freezing Point

is shown by a thick black line at 0C

Total Annual Precipitation

add up all the precipitation for each month
continental: under 1kmm
maritime: over 1kmm

Arctic

in the arctic (north), large temp range (low), cold summers, low precipitation

Maritime

closer to large water body (coastal), small temp range, colder summers and warmer winters, high precipitation

Continental

not close to large body of water (interior), large temp range, hot summers, cold winters, low precipitation

Altitude increases

temp decreases and soil gets thinner (forest to glacier)

Weather

short term, forecasts help with decisions, temp, precipitation, cloud cover, wind speed, direction, relative humidity.

Factors affecting climate, what are they?

LOWERN
Latitude
Ocean Currents
Wind & Air Masses
Elevation
Relief
Nearness to Water

Climate

long term, models help w long term decision, temp, tropical, arctic / polar

Latitude

determins how concentrated solar energy

Ocean Currents

global heat convoys, stores solar radiation, distributes heat & moisture around the globe, drives weather systems

Wind & Air Masses

Air masses:
Maritime (wet)
Continental (dry)
Tropical (hot)
Polar (cold)
air moves from areas of high pressure to low pressure

Elevation

as elevation increases, air thins and holds less heat

lapse rates

dry air cools at 1C per 100m, wet air cools at 0.6C per 100m

Relief/Topography

The shape of the land (e.g., mountains) acts as a barrier, forcing air to rise, which can create rain shadows

Nearness to water

moderates temperature, water stores heat and slowly releases it

CCFAP

Cools, condenses, falls, as, precipitation

How are glaciers formed and how do they move?

From compacted snow over centuries, glaciers move under the force of gravity, drives their force downhill.

Glacier

A heavy wall of ice with many layers that build up over years.

Glaciation

Snow falling and forming glaciers through compaction.

Kettle Hole

Formed by broken pieces of glacier which make a depression in the ground and fill with water

Moraine

A deposit of rocks left by a glacier

Drumlin

A hill formed by water moving through/uder a glacier, pushing into a tear drop shape.