Costruzione oggettiva, verbs with 2 objects, passive voice: LESSON 3

what is the objective construction and when is it used? Also give me an example

the objective construction is a grammar construction used with the verbs followed by another verb with the infinitive form. (es. would lik,e, love,wish)

the structure is:

subj+verb+ object+infinitive

es. I want my mother to be more patient.

tell me also the other verbs that have this construction

to expect, to cause, to order, to warn

tell me the uses of the verb “to got”

transitive use: I got a good grade

untransitive use: I got slim, better, old

riflessive use: to get+ adj or past participle (i get married)

followed by a preposition or an adverb: to get through (comunicare telefonicamente, terminare con successo), to get along (cavarsela), to get up, to get into/out a car, to get on/off a bicycle

which are the verbs that can have 2 objects?

to bring, to buy, to ask, to tell, to sell, to show..

which are the possible constructions with these verbs?

there are 2 constructions:

1) subj+verb+undirect object+direct object

es. I bought my mum a scarf

2) sunj+verb+direct object+to/for+undirect object

es. I bought a scarf to/for my mum

the first constructions is more common but which are the cases when we use the second one?

-when the direct object is a pronom (es. I bought it to Jimmy)

-when you want to put in evidence the undirect object (es. I bought this book to Jimmy, not to John)

-when the undirect object has many elements (es. I bought this book to my math classroomate Jimmy)

There are specific verbs that can use just the second constructions, which are they?

to confess, to describe, to explain, to introduce, to say (es. I confess it to Jimmy)

how is formed the passive voice?

to be (allo stesso modo e tempo della forma attiva) + past participle

active voice: i eat an apple

passive voice: an apple is eaten

he is eating an apple

an apple is being eaten by him

I ate an apple

an apple was eaten

i was eating an apple

an apple was being eaten

i’ve eaten an apple

an apple has been eaten

i have been eating an apple

an apple has been being eaten

I had eaten an apple

an apple had been eaten by me

I had been eating an apple

an apple had been being eaten

I will eat an apple

an apple will be eaten

i’m going to eat an apple

an apple is going to be eaten

i would eat an apple

an apple would be eaten

i would be eating an apple

an apple would be being eaten

(forms with be being or been being are rare but they still exist)

i would have eaten an apple

an apple would have been eaten

to eat

to be eaten

to have eaten

to have been eaten

eating

being eaten

having eaten

having been eaten

Come si ottiene il passivo dei verbi modali?

volgendo la forma base che li segue alla forma passiva.

es. they cannot see us→we cannot be seen

(TO BE+PAST PARTICIPLE)

il complemento da agente da quale elemento è introdotto?

da “by”

es. an apple is eaten by me

I verbi seguiti da un complemento oggetto e da un complemento indiretto ammettono due costruzioni passive. v o F? If the answer is V, give me an example

V. ammettono 2 costruzioni passive in cui sia il complemento oggetto sia il complemento indiretto possono giocare il ruolo di soggetto.

es. We gave Tom a bycicle

1) Tom was given a bycicle (forma più comune)

2) A bycicle was given to Tom

I verbi to need, to require e to want possono essere seguiti da una forma -ing con valore passivo. V o F? If the answer is yes, give me an example

V. es. The roof of my house needs repairing

es. your hair wants washing

un verbo italiano introdotto dal si passivante come viene reso in inglese? dammi degli esempi

1) con una forma passiva

2) o con una forma attiva il cui soggetto sia we o they

es. si spediscono libri in tutto il mondo→books are sent all over the world o we send books all over the world

quali sono i verbi che ammettono 2 costruzioni passive che corrispondono in italiano al si impersonale?

to believe, to consider, to expect, to know, to report, to say, to suppose, to think

quali sono queste 2 costruzioni passive? esempi

1) formale: It+verbo alla forma passiva+(that)+proposizione oggettiva

es. it is thought (that) our favourite team has a brilliant future

2) informale: soggetto+ verbo alla forma passiva + infinito presente o passato

es. our favourite team is thought to have a brilliant future

you can also make the passive using a passive gerund or a passive infinitive in the same place as a normal gerund or infinitive. V o F? examples

V. es. the child loves being cuddled

es. she would like to be promoted