Texas GOVT 2306

1876 Constitution

Established the framework for Texas government post-Civil War and emphasized limited government and individual rights.

One-party Dominance

The state historically dominated by the Democratic Party following Reconstruction, shaping policy and political culture.

Purpose of a Constitutional Government

To establish the rule of law and protect individual rights.

Checks and Balances

A system ensuring that no single branch of government exceeds its authority, promoting accountability.

Separation of Powers

Dividing government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent abuse of power.

Limited Government

A governing principle that restricts governmental powers to protect individual liberties.

Supremacy Clause

Establishes that the U.S. Constitution and federal laws take precedence over state laws.

10th Amendment

Grants states powers not specifically delegated to the federal government, allowing for state authority in many areas.

Dual Federalism

Distinct separation of state and federal powers, often referred to as ‘layer cake’ federalism.

Cooperative Federalism

Relationship where state and federal governments work together on policy initiatives, often described as ‘marble cake’ federalism.

Political Party

A group that organizes voters to support candidates for public office.

Political Polarization

Increasing ideological differences between political parties, leading to more divided electorates.

Requirements to Vote

Must be a U.S. citizen, a resident of Texas, and at least 18 years old.

Primary Election

An election to determine a party’s candidate for the general election.

General Election

The main election where candidates run for office.

Special Election

Elections held to fill vacancies or decide specific issues.

Interest Groups

Organizations that influence legislation and public policy in favor of their interests.

Bicameral Legislature

Texas Legislature comprised of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Plural Executive

Power divided among several elected officials instead of one singular governor.

Path of Prosecution

The legal process that begins with charges and can include pre-trial and trial phases.

Preemption

State law can override local ordinances.

Home-Rule

Cities that can create their own charters and govern themselves within state laws.

School Districts

Local agencies responsible for public education.

Revenue Sources

Funding methods for special districts, often including property taxes and fees.

Supremacy Clause

states that federal laws are the highest law of the land, meaning they take priority over state laws. In Texas, even though the state has its powers, it must still follow federal laws, which can create conflicts in areas like immigration or environmental rules.

10th Amendment

powers not given to the federal government are reserved for the states. In Texas, this allows the state to make decisions about local issues like education and transportation, reflecting the state's specific needs.