Chapter 4: Life in the Hellenistic World

Alexander

________ was proclaimed pharaoh, the legitimate ruler of the country.

Epicurus

________ also taught that individuals could most easily attain peace and serenity by ignoring the outside world and looking into their personal feelings and reactions.

Theories of mechanics

________ were used to build machines that revolutionized warfare.

Ptolemaic dynasty

When Ptolemy I Soter established the ________ in Egypt, he thought that a new god (Serapis) was needed who would appeal to both Greeks and Egyptians.

spread of Greeks

The ________ throughout the Near East and Egypt created new markets and stimulated trade.

Hellenistic kingdoms

________ were never entirely unified in language, customs, and thought.

Technology

________ was applied to military needs, but not to those of food production.

Egypt

________ had a strong tradition of central authority dating back to the pharaohs, which the Ptolemies inherited and tightened.

Antiochus

________ attacked Jerusalem, killing many, and restored his leader.

Piracy

________ was always a factor in the Hellenistic world, so ships crews had to be ready to defend their cargoes as well as transport them.

Aristarchuss heliocentric theory

________ was resurrected in the sixteenth century c.e.

catapult

The ________ became the first and most widely used artillery piece, shooting ever- larger projectiles.

social mobility

Increased physical and ________ benefited some women as well as men.

Eratosthenes

________ traveled to Athens, where he studied philosophy and mathematics.

Epicureanism

________ taught its followers to ignore politics and issues, for politics led to tumult, which would disturb the soul.

second century bce

In the ________, after the collapse of the Mauryan Empire, Bactrian armies conquered part of northern India, establishing several small Indo- Greek states where the mixing of religious and artistic traditions was particularly pronounced worked.

Iron

________ was utilized for weapons and tools.

Syrian troops

The Maccabees fought ________ who were fighting under Seleucid commanders, retook Jerusalem, and set up a semi independent state in 164 b.c.e.

Pottery

________ thus served as a means of cultural exchange- of ideas as well as goods- among people scattered across huge portions of the globe.

Herophilus

________ accepted Hippocratess theory of the four humors and approached the study of medicine in a systematic, scientific fashion: he dissected dead bodies and measured what he observed.

Zeno

________ and his followers considered nature an expression of divine will.

Trade

________ was facilitated by the coining of money.

Greeks

The Ptolemies maintained separate legal systems for ________ and Egyptians.

Antiochus IV Epiphanes

________ (175- ca.

Overland trade

________ was conducted by caravan, and the backbone of this caravan trade was the camel- a shaggy, ill- tempered, but durable animal ideally suited to the harsh climate of the caravan routes.

Alexandria

The Ptolemies founded a library in ________ that both glorified Greek culture and sponsored new scholarship.

Slaves

________ were a staple of Hellenistic trade, traveling in all directions on both land and sea routes.

significant practical achievement

The Stoics most ________ was the creation of the concept of natural law.

Hellenistic rulers

________ amassed an enormous amount of wealth from their large kingdoms, and royal patronage provided money for the production of literary works and the research and development that allowed discoveries in science and engineering.

writings of Epicurus

The ________ survive only in fragments, but the third- century- c.e.

Commerce itself

________ was a leading area where Greeks and non- Greeks met on grounds of common interest.

Egyptian mythology

In ________ Isis brought her husband Osiris back to life, and during the Hellenistic era this power came to be understood by her followers as extending to them as well.

sensory nerves

He was the first to accurately describe the nervous system, and he differentiated between motor and ________.

Hellenistic kingship

________ was hereditary, which gave women who were members of royal families more power than any woman had in democracies such as Athens, where citizenship was limited to men.

Greek polis

The ________ had one body of law and one set of customs.

Eratosthenes

________ used mathematics to further the geographical studies for which he is most famous.

Alexander

________ led an army of Macedonians and Greeks into Persian territory in Asia Minor.

Zeno

________ first came to Athens to form his own school, the Stoa, named after the covered walkways where he preferred to teach, and his philosophy, Stoicism, in turn, came to be named for his school.

Herophilus

________ and Erasistratus dissected corpses, and may even have dissected living criminals, provided for them by the Egyptian kings.

Potters

________ often portrayed heroic episodes, such as battles from the Iliad, or gods, such as Dionysus at sea.

Hellenistic kingdoms

________ and cities recruited Greek writers and artists to create Greek literature, art, and culture.

Ptolemaic dynasty

The ________ would rule Egypt for nearly three hundred years, until the death of the last Ptolemaic ruler, Cleopatra VII, in 30 b.c.e.

Epicurus

________ used observation and logic to study the world, and also to examine the human condition.

Slaves

________ were to be found in the cities and temples of the Hellenistic world; in the shops, fields, armies, and mines; and in the homes of wealthier people.

Hellenistic kings

To the Greeks, civilized life was unthinkable outside of a city, and ________ often gave cities all the external trappings of a polis.

Alexander

________ crossed the Indus River and entered India.

Alexander

________ left Egypt after less than a year and marched into Assyria, where at Gaugamela he defeated the Persian army.

Alexander

________ intended not only a military campaign but also an expedition of discovery.