respiration - aerobic and anaerobic

define the term respiration

the process that takes place either in the presence or absence of oxygen that releases energy to use at rest or in exercise

how do you determine if a skill/event is aerobic or anaerobic?

the duration and intensity of the activity/event

define the term aerobic

exercise in the presence of or using oxygen

when do we produce most of our energy aerobically?

when our bodies are at rest or involved in steady state exercise

why is respiration aerobic in steady state exercise?

when exercise is steady and over a long period of time (intensity and duration), the cardio-respiratory system can meet the oxygen demands for the working muscles and the body has time to use this oxygen. Normal breathing can be used to supply our muscles with oxygen.

glucose is broken down for respiration. Name the other thing that is sometimes broken down for respiration

fats

why is aerobic respiration very effective?

bi-products are removed very quickly - CO2 is exhaled from body, H2O is used in the body and released via sweat

give three examples of aerobic exercise

marathon, Tour de France (endurance cycling), an open water 2km swim

define the term anaerobic exercise

the production of energy needed for exercise takes place in the absence of oxygen

describe an anaerobic activity

very high intensity actions that can only be sustained for a short period of time (intensity and duration) (no longer than about 60 seconds)

why do we sometimes respire anaerobically?

heart and lungs cannot meet the O2 demands for the working muscles through the lack of supplying oxygenated blood to the working muscles

why is lactic acid produced in anaerobic respiration?

glucose isn’t fully broken down to CO2 and H2O. Instead, some of it forms lactic acid

describe the effects of lactic acid during exercise.

lactic acid builds up in the muscles, causing fatigue, discomfort and eventually pain, which means that the muscles unable to work as efficiently and eventually exercise must stop, decreasing our performance levels

give three examples of anaerobic exercise.

100/200 metres running

triple jump

any activities that require fast, powerful movements

what does EPOC stand for?

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

define the term EPOC

the continued high rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity to repay the oxygen debt and help remove lactic acid

what is EPOC characterised by

increased breathing rate and deeper breathing

why do we need EPOC after exercise?

the body needs to take in extra oxygen to repay the oxygen debt. EPOC replenishes the body with oxygen and enables the body to convert the lactic acid produced during anaerobic exercise into glucose, carbon dioxide and water.

what is the duration of EPOC dependent on?

how strenuous the exercise was, how long it lasted and how much lactic acid was produced. It can take several hours to completely remove all the lactic acid (intensity and duration)

define the term oxygen debt

the temporary oxygen shortage in the body due to strenuous exercise

define the term lactic acid

the waste product from anaerobic exercise

name the five recovery methods

cool down

rehydration

manipulation of diet (rehydration, carbohydrates for energy)

ice baths

massage

why do we use recovery methods

avoids tiredness/ excess fatigue

avoids nausea/ light headedness

avoids DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness)

avoids cramp

replenishing energy stores

aid the removal of lactic acid, CO2 and other waste products that can build up in the working muscles