Respiratory System Review

What is COPD?

A group of diseases that restrict airflow and make breathing difficult

(Match the lung disease) Inflammation of the bronchial tubes

Bronchitis

(Match the lung disease) Lung infection in which alveoli fill with fluid or puss

Pneumonia

(Match the lung disease) An inherited disease that affects mucus production in the lungs and other areas

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

(Match the lung disease) Loss of elasticity in alveoli and leads to shortness of breath

Emphysema

_______ is a chronic lung disease characterized by inflammation and constriction of the airways

Asthma

The most important factor controlling respiration is increased levels of ______ _______ in the blood

Carbon Dioxide

Where are the control centers for respiration located?

brainstem, medulla oblongata, pons

What is the primary respiratory concern for premature babies?

They develop infant respiratory distress syndrome due to a lack of surfactant

The nose is divided into two nostrils by the ______ _______

Nasal Septum

What structures are labeled on A, B, C

larynx, trachea, bronchus

What happens to air as it passes through the nasal cavity?

It gets warmed, moistened, and filtered

What is the function of mucus

Traps dust, mold, and other contaminants

Which of the following is NOT caused by smoking

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Briefly describe pulmonary circulation

The body’s pathway to oxygenate blood, moving de-oxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary artery, where it releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen, then returns the newly oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart through pulmonary veins to be pumped to the rest of the body

What structures are labeled on A, B, C

pharynx, bronchioles, diaphragm

Food and liquids are diverted away from the trachea by the _______

Epiglottis

The larynx is also called the ____ ______

voice box

The larynx is located ______ to the pharynx

below

The larynx is composed of 8 rigid pieces of what?

cartilage

The larynx houses the _____ ______

voice box and vocal cords

Air travels through the ________ or windpipe, which divides into primary _____

Trachea, primary bronchi

Each bronchus divides into smaller and smaller branches called _______ that carry air throughout the lungs

bronchioles

This branching structure is sometimes referred is sometimes referred to as the bronchial _______

Bronchial tree

The lungs are divided into sections or ______

lobes

The left lung has ____ sections

2

The right lung has ___ sections

3

Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?

Primary bronchi

The trachea is also called the _____

Windpipe

The trachea is located _____ to the esophagus

Anterior

briefly describe these rings

C shape, provide rigidity to prevent the trachea from collapsing during inhalation, strong, flexible cartilage

Put these structures in the order through which air passes (bronchi, bronchiole, trachea, alveoli)

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Terminal bronchioles end in clusters of air sacs called ______

Alveoli

The alveoli is the site of ____ __________

gas exchange

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in alveoli by the process of ______

diffusion

The walls of the alveoli and capillaries make up the ___ ______

respiratory membrane

Internal respiration

exchanging gasses between blood and tissue cells

Pulmonary ventilation

Air moving into and out of the lungs

External respiration

Exchanging gasses between alveoli and blood

Respiratory gas transport

O2 and CO2 are carried by the bloodstream

Volume changes in the lungs leads to ____ ___ which causes the movement of gases

pressure changes

Inspiration =

inhaling

Expiration =

exhaling

Identify the inspiratory muscles

diaphragm, external intercostal muscles

Air always flows from an area of _____ pressure to an area of ____ pressure

high, low

Which of the following is NOT an event of expiration

Intrapulmonary pressure is decreased

What are 3 examples of nonrespiratory air movements

Coughing, sneezing, yawning