midterms - ethics

Which of the following term defines as the discipline of studying and understanding ideal human behavior and ideal ways of thinking?

Ethics

Who among the following philosophers claim that it is the greatest good for a person to spend time thinking about and discussing with others the questions on goodness and virtue?

Socrates

What kind of valuation refers judgments of personal approval or disapproval that we make about what we see, hear, smell, or taste?

Aesthetics

Which kind of valuation is concerned with right and wrong actions, but those which might be considered not quie grave enough to a discussion on ethics?

Etiquette

What distinguishes ethics from morals?

Ethics are codified principles guiding behavior, while morals are individual convictions about right and wrong.

Which of the following is the primary focus of ethical reasoning?

Assessing moral principles to guide actions and decisions.

In ethical reasoning, what does the term “moral relativism” imply?

Ethics are determined by cultural or individual perspectives, varying across different contexts.

In a descriptive ethical study, researchers might explore which of the following?

How various societies define concepts like justice and fairness.

What is one key reason law is considered a source of authority in society?

It provides a framework for social order and predictability

What is the primary purpose of criminal law?

To punish individuals who violate societal rules and deter future crimes

How does religion typically function as a source of authoruty in ethical decision-making?

It offers a framework of moral guidelines based on divine teachings or sacred texts

What is the primary reason some individuals argie against using religion as a source of authority in public policy?

Religion can introduce bias and may not represent the diverse beliefs of a pluralistic society

What is the primary principle of utilitarianism?

Thr greatest good for the greatest number

Who is often considered one of the founding figures of utilitarianism?

John Stuart Mill

Which of the following is a common critcism of utilitarianism?

It may justify actions that violate moral principles if they elad to greater overall happiness

In utilitarianism, how is happiness typically defined?

As the absence of pain and suffering

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies a utilitarian approach to decision-making?

Choosing an action that maximizes overall happiness for the majority, even if it causes harm to a few.