The Start of Civil Engineering in the Philippines

Quiz-style Q&A flashcards drawn from the lecture notes on the Start of Civil Engineering in the Philippines, covering Spanish, American, Commonwealth, and Martial Law periods and key regulatory milestones.

What city did the Spaniards establish as a model community in the Philippines?

Intramuros, the walled city.

Who were the Friar Architects/Engineers and what did they do?

Friar Architects/Engineers were the builders of government buildings, bridges, residences, etc., incorporating European engineering and architectural standards.

What was the role of Maestro de Obras during the Spanish period?

Master builders called by the Ilustrados to construct villas and mansions.

In 1868, which two bureaus were organized under a civil engineer as Director General?

The Bureau of Public Works and Highways (Obras Publicas) and the Bureau of Communications and Transportation (Communicationes y Meteologia).

What school was founded in 1890 for Maestro de Obras?

Escuela Practica y Professional de Artes y Oficios de Manila.

During the First Philippine Republic, what Organic Decree established four government departments including War and Public Works?

The Organic Decree issued by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo.

After Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States in 1898, under whose engineers were public works placed?

Under the U.S. Army engineers.

Who served as President of the Cabinet after Mabini was replaced in 1899?

Pedro Paterno.

What foundation occurred in 1900 related to maestro de obras?

Foundation of the Liceo de Manila, the first private institution offering academic courses for maestro de obras.

Act No. 83 (1901) placed public works under what administrative arrangement?

Under the Provincial Supervisions by virtue of Act No. 83 by the Philippine Commission.

What professional association was born in 1902 related to architecture and surveying?

Academia de Arquitectura y Agrimensura de Filipinas (AAAF).

What Acts created the Bureau of Engineering and Construction and the Bureau of Architecture and Construction?

Act Nos. 222 and 268.

What change did AAAF undergo in 1903?

It changed its name to Academia de Ingenieria, Arquitectura y Agrimensura de Filipinas (AIAAF), including civil engineers and surveyors.

What happened to Escuela de Ingeniera y Arquitectura in 1908–1912?

It was reorganized to offer a three-year course in architecture, civil engineering and electrical engineering; reopened in 1908 and closed in 1912.

What is significant about May 18, 1907, in the University of Santo Tomas (UST)?

The Faculty of Engineering at UST was established as the School of Civil Engineering, the oldest engineering school in the Philippines.

What happened on June 3, 1910, at the University of the Philippines?

The Board of Regents appointed W.J. Colbert as acting Dean of the College of Engineering; a four-year BS course with an additional year for Civil Engineer was approved.

What happened to AIAAF in 1911?

AIAAF dissolved; civil engineers formed the Philippine Society of Engineers (PSCE).

What major transformation occurred in 1916 regarding the Department of Commerce and Police?

It was transformed into the Department of Commerce and Communications, with several bureaus including the Bureau of Commerce and Industry, Bureau of Supply, Bureau of Public Works, etc.

What did Act No. 2985 (1921) establish?

Separate Boards of Examiners for civil engineering and architecture; Filipinos were allowed to practice as architects and engineers.

What organization formed in 1928, and who was its first president?

Philippine Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE); first president was Engr. Marcial Kasilag.

What change did Act No. 4007 (1931) implement?

Renamed the Department of Commerce and Communications to the Department of Public Works and Communications (DPWC).

What did Act No. 4211 (1935) permit?

Under-aged persons were allowed to take the board exam, provided they would not practice until age 21.

What organization formed in 1937?

Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE).

What occurred in 1938 regarding architecture and engineering statutes?

Statutes separating the practice of architecture from engineering (National Assembly Bill No. 1850).

What happened to the Department of Public Works and Communications during the Japanese occupation (1941–1944)?

DPWC and other offices were largely abolished; EO 396 reorganized the cabinet; the department became Department of National Defense, Public Works, Communications and Labor.

What reorganization occurred after World War II in 1945?

Executive Order No. 27 reconstituted the Department of Public Works and Communications.

Which two laws pertaining to architects and civil engineers were passed in 1950?

RA 545 (Architects) and RA 544 (Civil Engineers).

What major reorganization happened in 1951–1954 for DPW?

1951 DPW reconstituted to Department of Public Works, Transportation and Communications (DPWTC); 1954 Bureau of Public Highways created under DPWTC.

What were RA 1582 and RA 1581 about (1956)?

Amendments to the Civil Engineering Law and Architecture Law, respectively.

What does ASEP stand for, founded in 1961?

Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines.

What is RA 4566 (1965) known for?

The Contractor's License Law.