APWH Unit 7 Heimler MCQ

7.1 Which group of reformers in the Ottoman Empire advocated for a European-style constitution and the concept of 'Turkification' to create a unified national identity?

The Young Turks

7.1 In the early 1900s, Russia's internal stability was severely undermined by the government's refusal to do which of the following?

Support industrial entrepreneurs with loans and contracts

7.1 What event in 1905 served as a primary catalyst for the Russian Revolution of that year, leading to the creation of a constitution and labor unions?

Bloody Sunday

7.1 Sun Yat-sen's 'Three People's Principles' served as the ideological foundation for the new Chinese Republic. Which principle focused on ending the extreme unequal distribution of wealth?

Livelihood

7.1 The Mexican Revolution was ignited in 1910 primarily because President Porfirio Diaz did which of the following?

Jailed his political rival, Francisco Madero

7.1 What internal ethnic tension contributed significantly to the collapse of the Qing Dynasty in 1911?

The friction between the Han majority and the Manchu rulers

7.1 Following the collapse of the Russian Tsarist government in 1917, which group seized power with the goal of establishing collective ownership of the means of production?

The Bolsheviks

7.1 Which external conflict in 1904-1905 marked the first time in modern history that an East Asian state defeated a European power, severely weakening the prestige of the Russian Tsar?

The Russo-Japanese War

7.1 Mustafa Kemal, later known as Atatürik, focused his reforms on making the new Republic of Turkey a secular nation. This included which of the following actions?

Establishing public schools and granting suffrage to women

7.1 In the context of the Mexican Revolution, who was the revolutionary leader that began the significant process of redistributing land back to the peasants?

Emiliano Zapata

7.1 Qing China struggled to maintain its infrastructure, such as roads and canals, primarily because of what financial issue?

Government tax revenues were too low to cover costs

7.1 Why did Sun Yat-sen eventually give up his position as the leader of the Chinese Republic shortly after the 1911 revolution?

He lacked the military strength to control regional warlords

7.1 Which political party eventually dominated Mexican politics for most of the 20th century, emerging from the instability of the revolution?

Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)

7.1 A major external challenge for the Qing Dynasty was the 'Canton System' of trade. What was the primary source of tension in this system?

Europeans bought more from China than China bought from Europe

7.1 The Mexican Constitution of 1917 was a significant outcome of the revolution because it included provisions for which of the following?

Land redistribution, public education, and universal suffrage

7.1 What was a major internal problem for the Russian Empire's military capability before 1917?

A weak economy that could not support a modern military

7.1 In Sun Yat-sen's 'Three People's Principles,' the principle of 'Democracy' specifically envisioned what kind of governance?

A country governed by active and pragmatic experts

Why did the Ottoman Empire choose to ally with Germany during World War I?

Resentment toward European powers for economic exploitation

7.1 What was the result of the Russian Revolution of 1905 regarding political parties and labor?

The introduction of a constitution, labor unions, and political parties

7.1 Qing China's internal stability was threatened by a 'constant danger of famine.' What was a major contributing factor to this issue?

Rapid population growth without a corresponding increase in farmland

7.2 Which component of the M.A.I.N. causes of World War I describes the aggressive build-up of a nation's armed forces and the glorification of war?

Militarism

7.2 Which three nations primarily formed the Triple Entente leading up to World War I?

Britain, France, and Russia

7.2 How did imperialism contribute to the outbreak of World War I?

Global competition for markets and raw materials created intense rivalries among European powers

7.2 What role did the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand play in the start of World War I?

It served as the immediate ‘spark’ that triggered the system of mutual defense alliances

7.2 The 'Black Hand' was a nationalist organization from which country, dedicated to ending Austro-Hungarian influence in the Balkans?

Serbia

7.2 Why were the Balkans referred to as the 'powder keg' of Europe before 1914?

The region was home to diverse ethnic groups with competing nationalist goals and overlapping imperial interests

7.2 How did the system of secret alliances transform a regional conflict into a global war?

Agreements committed nations to military mobilization if their allies were attacked, drawing in major powers

7.2 Which of the following was a result of the internal shifting of power in the Ottoman Empire during the early 1900s?

The Young Turks advocated for modernization and ‘Turkification’ of the empire

7.2 Following the 1911 Revolution in China, Sun Yat-sen's 'Three People's Principles' focused on which three core ideas?

Democracy, Nationalism, and Livelihood

7.2 Which factor most weakened the Russian Tsarist government's authority prior to the 1917 Revolution?

Military failures in the Russo-Japanese War and WWI, combined with internal economic stagnation

7.2 What was a defining characteristic of 'total war' during World War I?

The mobilization of a nation’s entire resources, including both the military and the civilian population

7.2 The use of 'Pals Battalions' was a unique recruitment strategy used by which nation before adopting universal conscription?

Great Britain

7.2 Why did the use of machine guns lead to a stalemate and the development of trench warfare?

The high rate of fire made it nearly impossible for infantry to advance across open ground

7.2 Which statement best describes the purpose of the League of Nations' Mandate System?

To allow Allied powers to manage former German and Ottoman territories under the guise of tutelage

7.2 The Mexican Revolution of 1910 was ignited primarily by opposition to which long-standing leader?

Porfirio Diaz

7.2 During the interwar period, what was the primary goal of Joseph Stalin's 'Five-Year Plans'?

To rapidly transform the Soviet Union from an agricultural nation into a major industrial power

7.2 How did the Great Depression affect the relationship between government and the economy in many Western nations?

Governments became more active in the economy through deficit spending and social welfare programs

7.2 What was the significance of the 1917 Balfour Declaration?

The British government expressed support for the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine

7.2 The concept of 'Lebensraum', used by Adolf Hitler to justify expansion, primarily referred to the need for:

Living space for the ‘Aryan’ race to settle and develop in Eastern Europe

What was the main goal of the 'May Fourth Movement' in China in 1919?

To protest the decision of the Paris Peace Conference to allow Japan to keep German-controlled land in China

7.3 Which of the following best defines the concept of 'total war' as practiced during World War I?

The commitment of both military and civilian resources to achieve victory

7.3 Early in World War I, the British army utilized 'Pals Battalions.' What was a unique characteristic of these units?

They were made up of men who already knew each other from the same communities or jobs

7.3 Which technology was most responsible for the transition to trench warfare and the resulting four-year stalemate?

Machine guns

7.3 What was the primary purpose of government-sponsored propaganda during World War I?

To influence public opinion and demonize the enemy to maintain domestic support

7.3 The Zimmermann Telegram was a critical factor in which event?

The entry of the United States into WWI

How did the role of women change in most warring nations during World War I?

They replaced men in agricultural and industrial jobs to sustain the war economy

7.3 Which statement best describes the impact of poison gas during the war?

It caused permanent lung damage and intense pain, leading to its post-war ban

7.3 Why did many colonial troops, such as those from India and West Africa, agree to fight for their imperial rulers?

They hoped their service would lead to self-rule or independence for their homelands

7.3 What does the term 'conscription' refer to in the context of World War I?

Compulsory enlistment in the armed forces

7.3 The ANZAC (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) is most famously associated with which disastrous World War I campaign?

Gallipoli

7.3 What was the initial primary use of airplanes at the start of World War I in 1914?

Observation of enemy lines and movements

7.3 The use of German U-boats (submarines) primarily targeted which of the following?

Merchant ships carrying supplies to the British Isles

7.3 In the poem 'Dulce et Decorum Est,' Wilfred Owen refers to the phrase 'It is sweet and noble to die for one's country' as:

The old lie

7.3 Which nation created an all-female 'Battalion of Death' in 1917 to shame men into continuing the fight?

Russia

7.3 During World War I, what was the primary role of 'Planning Boards' set up by governments?

To set production quotas and control prices and wages

7.3 Which of the following describes the conditions of trench warfare?

Cold, muddy, and plagued by diseases caused by unhygienic conditions

7.3 How did the British government respond to the labor shortage caused by men leaving for the front?

They imported workers from China to help in support roles

7.3 Which statement about the global nature of World War I is TRUE?

Major battles were fought in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans

7.3 The development of the tank was initially spearheaded by which branch of the British military?

The Royal Navy

7.4 What role did the Lusitania play in World War I?

Its sinking by a German U-boat contributed to growing anti-German sentiment in the U.S.

7.4 Which economic condition in the early 1920s led to a loaf of bread costing 200 billion marks in Germany by 1923?

Hyperinflation

7.4 How were the economies of the United States, Germany, Britain, and France interconnected during the interwar period?

Germany borrowed from the U.S. to pay reparations to Britain and France, who then paid the U.S.

7.4 What were the two primary causes of the global economic downturn that began in 1929?

Agricultural overproduction and the U.S. stock market crash

7.4 John Maynard Keynes challenged traditional economic theory by suggesting that governments should use which tactic to end the Great Depression?

Deficit spending

7.4 In the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt's 'New Deal' was categorized by the 'Three Rs.' What were they?

Relief, Recovery, and Reform

7.4 What was the primary characteristic of Vladimir Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP) introduced in 1921?

A temporary reintroduction of private trade and market principles

7.4 Joseph Stalin's Five-Year Plans were designed to achieve which of the following goals

Transform the USSR into an industrial power to catch up with the West

7.4 Who were the 'Kulaks' and what was their role during Stalin's collectivization of agriculture?

Land-owning peasants who resisted government seizure of their property

7.4 What was the 'Holodomor' in the Soviet Union during the early 1930s?

A man-made famine in Ukraine caused by government policy

7.4 In Mexico, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) became known for what type of political-economic system?

Corporatist

7.4 What significant economic action did Mexican President Lázaro Cárdenas take in 1938 that angered foreign investors?

Nationalizing the country’s oil industry

7.4 Which of the following best describes the economic theory of 'Corporatism' as applied in Mussolini's Fascist Italy?

The economy is divided into separate ‘organs’ that must all support the state

7.4 The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) was fundamentally a struggle between which two ideological groups?

Democracy and Fascism

7.4 How did Getúlio Vargas attempt to transform Brazil's economy during his 'Estado Novo' period?

By shifting from an agricultural economy to an industrial one

7.4 What strategy did the Japanese government use to help dig itself out of the Great Depression?

Devaluing its currency and increasing military spending

7.4 During the global downturn, many nations imposed strict tariffs. What was the intended purpose of these taxes on imports?

To protect domestic jobs from foreign competition

7.4 Which political system is characterized by extreme nationalism, the glorification of armed struggle, and the blaming of problems on ethnic minorities?

Fascism

7.4 According to the comparison chart of the 'Three Approaches to Modern Industrial Society,' which system advocated for state-enforced atheism?

Communism

7.4 What was the purpose of the Soviet 'Gulags' under Joseph Stalin?

To punish political opponents through forced labor

7.4 Why did nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America suffer during the Great Depression even if they weren't fully industrialized?

They were economically dependent on imperial nations

7.5 Which system was established by the League of Nations to manage former German and Ottoman territories, essentially treating them as colonies under a new name?

The Mandate System

7.5 2. Following World War I, for which specific region or group did the 'Big Three' leaders actually grant the right to self-determination?

White countries in Eastern Europe

7.5 What 1919 event in India served to radicalize moderate nationalists and convinced many that full independence from Britain was the only viable path?

The Amritsar Massacre

7.5 Mohandas Gandhi's 'Satyagraha' movement was primarily defined by which of the following strategies?

Civil disobedience and breaking unjust laws

7.5 Why did Muhammad Ali Jinnah eventually advocate for a 'Two-State' solution in the Indian independence movement?

He feared Muslim interest would be overwhelmed by a Hindu majority

7.5 The Balfour Declaration of 1917 caused significant tension in the Middle East by promising a permanent home to which group in Palestine?

European Jews

7.5 Which movement in Korea was sparked by the death of the Korean emperor and the refusal of the Allies to grant Korea self-determination in 1919?

The March First Movement

7.5 How did Mao Zedong's view of communism differ from the traditional Soviet Marxist model during the Chinese Civil War?

He believed the revolution should be based on the peasantry

7.5 What was the primary significance of the 'Long March' for the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)?

It earned the party the admiration and support of many peasants

7.5 Which of the following describes 'Manchukuo' in the early 1930s?

A Japanese puppet state with a titular Chinese emperor

7.5 What was the primary motive behind the Japanese creation of the 'Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere'?

To provide a facade for Japanese imperial conquest of Asian resources

7.5 In French West Africa, how did colonized people primarily resist discriminatory wage and benefit policies during the interwar period?

Staging massive strikes, such as by railway workers

7.5 What was the core goal of the Pan-Arabism movement that emerged after the fall of the Ottoman Empire?

The unification of all lands in North Africa and the Middle East

7.5 Which class of mandate was described as having the smallest and least developed populations, often being treated exactly like colonies?

Class C

7.5 Why did the Allied powers refuse to meet with Vietnamese nationalists like Ho Chi Minh at the Paris Peace Conference?

They were not interested in granting self-determination to non-white colonies

7.5 The Satyagraha strategy of 'homespun cloth' served as a protest against which specific aspect of British imperialism?

The economic dominance of British textile imports

7.5 Which organization was founded by European-educated lawyers to seek equal rights for colonies, motivated by Pan-Africanism?

African National Congress

7.5 The May Fourth Movement in China was a direct response to the Paris Peace Conference's decision to allow which country to keep the Shandong Peninsula?

Japan

7.5 True or False: The Salt March was a symbolic protest against a British law that made it illegal for Indians to produce their own salt.

True

7.5 What common background did African nationalist leaders like Jomo Kenyatta and Leopold Senghor share that influenced their resistance to colonial rule?

They were European-educated intellectuals