Chemistry Orbital Diagrams & Electron Configurations

What are the 4 quantum numbers?

Principal, Azimuthal, Magnetic, Spin

What are the levels of organization of electrons from biggest to smallest?

Electron Cloud, Energy level, Sublevel, Orbital

What is the symbol for the principal quantum number?

n

What does the principal quantum number represent?

The energy level of the electron

What are the possible values of the principal quantum number?

Any positive whole number (does not include 0)

What is the symbol for the azimuthal quantum number?

l

What does the azimuthal quantum number represent?

What kind of orbital the electron is in

What are the possible values of the azimuthal quantum number?

Any whole number between 0 and (n-1)

What orbital type does the azimuthal quantum number correspond with?

0 - s orbital,

1 - p orbital,

2 - d orbital,

3 - f orbital

What is the symbol for the magnetic quantum number?

m_l

What does the magnetic quantum number represent?

Which axis orbital the electron is in (for example, if l is 2 (a p orbital), m_l could distinguish between p_x, p_y, p_z)

What are the possible values for the magnetic quantum number?

Whole numbers between -l to l

What is the symbol for the spin quantum number?

m_s

What does the quantum spin number represent?

Direction of spin

What are the possible values for the quantum spin number?

-½ or ½

What do the values for the quantum spin number represent

½ - Spin up (clockwise)
-½ - Spin down (counter-clockwise)

What is Pauli’s exculsion principal?

No two electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers

How many electrons per orbital?

2

What is Aufbau’s principal?

Electrons fill from orbitals from lowest energy to highest energy.

What is Hund’s rule?

Electrons fill orbitals without pairing before they start pairing.

What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principal?

You cannot know both the exact position and exact velocity of an object.

What special thing does the 2s and 2p orbital of carbon do?

They sp³ hybridize!

What are the orbitals in order of Aufbau principal from 1s to 7p?

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p

What are the parts of an electron configuration?

Axⁿ

A - Energy level

x - Orbital type (s, p, d, f)

n - Number of electrons in those orbitals

What two elements do not follow the normal order of shells?

Chromium & Copper

What is the actual electron configuration of chromium?

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹3d⁵

What is the actual electron configuration of copper?

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹3d¹⁰

What are the components of an orbital diagram?

1. Box for orbitals

2. Arrows for electrons

   1. Up arrow is for clockwise spin

   2. Down arrow is for counter-clockwise spin

3. Electron configutation below boxes

Both electron configurations and orbital diagrams are written in what order?

The order of Aufbau’s principal

The electron cloud is what kind of cloud?

A probability density cloud

What is the name of the current model of the atom?

Charge Cloud Model, Quantum Mechanical Model