Bios 114: Quiz 9

Fibrocartilage

A type of cartilage found in intervertebral discs.

Hyaline cartilage

A type of cartilage found at the end of bones, and in structures such as the ear and nose.

Dense fibrous connective tissue

Tissue type that makes up tendons and ligaments.

Compact bone

Bone tissue characterized by the presence of osteons, osteocytes, lacunae, and canaliculi.

Osteons

The structural unit of compact bone consists of concentric layers of bone matrix and a central canal.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix and reside in lacunae.

Lacunae

Small cavities in bone that house osteocytes.

Canaliculi

Microscopic channels between lacunae in bone, allowing for communication and nutrient exchange among osteocytes

Diaphysis

The shaft or central part of a long bone.

Cancellous bone

Also known as spongy bone, found primarily at the ends of bones.

Cortical bone

The dense outer surface of bone that forms a protective layer.

Epiphysis

The end part of a long bone, opposite the diaphysis.

Articular cartilage

Hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones in joints.

Red marrow

Bone marrow that produces red blood cells.

Yellow marrow

Bone marrow that stores fat.

Epiphyseal disc

A plate of cartilage that allows for the growth of the bone.

Wishbone (furcula)

A bone found in birds that is the fused clavicles.

Wing (humerus)

A bone in the bird wing corresponding to the human upper arm.

Thigh (femur)

The longest bone in the leg or thigh.

Drumstick (tibiotarsus)

The bone in the leg of birds equivalent to the tibia and tarsals.

Smooth muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found in the walls of internal organs.

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary muscle tissue that is striated with multiple nuclei.

Cardiac muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.

Flexors

Muscles that decrease the angle at joints.

Extensors

Muscles that increase the angle at joints.

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Movement towards the midline of the body.

Triceps femoris

A muscle in the frog that functions in extension.

Gracilis major

A muscle in the frog responsible for adduction.

Semimembranosus

A muscle in the frog that helps in flexing the knee.

Gastrocnemius

A muscle in the frog that aids in jumping and movement.

Achilles tendon

The tendon connecting the calf muscles to the heel.