MICROLAB - Summative test 1

module 0-1

Working with non-pathogenic organisms. Ex. E. coli

Biological Safety Level 1

Working with organisms that may cause preventable and treatable diseases. Ex. Influenza, HIV, Lyme Disease

Biosafety Level 2

Prevention methods that keep away from germs

Biosafety

Keeping germs safe from people

Biosecurity

Anything with potention to cause injury, illness, damage, etc.

Hazard

Probability & security of harm by the hazard

Risk

Which of the following are not allowed inside the microbiology laboratory?
a) Food and drinks
b) Smoking
c) Cosmetics
d) All of the above

d

The minimum protective equipment in the lab includes a __________, __________, and __________.

lab coat; lab shoes; safety goggles

Biosafety Level 1 (BSL-1) is suitable for:
a) High-risk microbes like Ebola
b) Agents with minimal hazard to humans
c) Airborne pathogens only
d) No living organisms

b

BSL-1 involves organisms that are __________, __________, and in __________ group.

non-pathogenic; no risk; Risk Group 1

Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) is different from BSL-1 because:
a) It involves high-risk agents only
b) It involves agents of moderate hazard
c) It does not require PPE
d) It has no signage requirement

b

Labs with genetically modified organisms must be signed as __________ labs, and must display the __________ sign.

genetic; S2 + hazardous

First line of defense against spills or breakages

PPE

A classroom spill kit contains chemical to ______ acids and bases, and absorbent materials to absorb liquids.

neutralize

Broken glassware should be disposed in:
a) Household trash
b) Special cardboard bins with heavy-duty plastic
c) Yellow infectious waste bin
d) Green wet waste bin

b

orrect order of donning PPE:
a) Hand hygiene → gown → mask → seal check → face shield → gloves
b) Mask → gloves → gown → hand hygiene
c) Gloves → gown → mask → face shield
d) Seal check → gown → mask → gloves

a

Correct order of doffing PPE: Remove __________ → remove __________ → perform __________ → remove __________ → remove __________ → perform __________.

gloves; gown; hand hygiene; face shield; mask; hand hygiene

A __________ is anything that can cause injury or illness, while a __________ is the probability of harm occurring

hazard; risk

Routes of exposure include all EXCEPT:
a) Contact
b) Inhalation
c) Ingestion
d) Evaporation

d

Biosafety means keeping __________ away from __________, while Biosecurity means keeping __________ away from __________.

bad bugs; people; bad people; bugs

Which biosafety level requires positive-pressure suits and showers upon exit?
a) BSL-1
b) BSL-2
c) BSL-3
d) BSL-4

d

Which waste belongs in the yellow bin with black bands?
a) Expired drugs and disinfectants
b) Fruit peelings
c) Broken glassware
d) Paper and plastics

a

__________ waste is stored in leaded containers and includes isotopes like Tc-99 and I-131.

Radioactive

Waste bins are color-coded:

Black = __________

Green = __________

Yellow = __________

Yellow w/ black bands = __________

Orange = __________.

general waste; wet waste; infectious waste; chemical/pharmaceutical waste; radioactive waste

Most complete source of information about lab chemicals

MSDS

If a chemical splashes into your eyes, use the __________ station for __________ minutes while holding eyelids open.

eyewash; 15

Flammable and combustible liquids must be:
a) Disposed in the sink
b) Handled only under a chemical fume hood
c) Mixed with water before disposal
d) Stored in regular trash bins

b

The use of light or electrons to magnify objects is called __________.

Microscopy

The “Father of Microbiology” who first used a simple microscope was __________.

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

The maximum magnification of a compound light microscope is __________.

1000x–2000x

The limit of resolution of a light microscope is approximately __________

0.2 µm (200 nm)

The type of microscope that produces a dark image on a light background is the __________ microscope.

Bright-field

A microscope that produces a bright image on a dark background, useful for viewing living unstained specimens, is the __________ microscope

Dark-field

The component of a phase-contrast microscope that focuses light on the specimen is the __________.

Condenser annulus

The part of the microscope where objectives are attached and rotated into position is the __________.

Nosepiece (turret)

The __________ objective has 100x magnification and requires immersion oil.

OIl Immersion Objective (OIO)

The ability of a lens to distinguish between small objects that are close together is called __________.

Resolution

Which of the following microscopes is best for studying microbial motility and detecting endospores?
a) Bright-field
b) Dark-field
c) Phase-contrast
d) Differential Interference Contrast

c

Which microscope produces a 3D image of live, unstained specimens?
a) Bright-field
b) Dark-field
c) Phase-contrast
d) Differential Interference Contrast

d

Which component regulates the amount of light reaching the specimen?
a) Aperture
b) Iris diaphragm
c) Condenser
d) Stage clips

b

Which microscope lens is used for focusing under low power (10x)?
a) Coarse adjustment knob
b) Fine adjustment knob
c) Draw tube
d) Stage clips

a

Which of the following values is the refractive index of immersion oil?
a) 1.00
b) 1.33
c) 1.5
d) 2.0

c

Which of the following is the correct formula for Abbe’s equation (limit of resolution)?
a) d = λ / (2η)
b) d = (0.61 λ) / (η sinθ)
c) d = NA / λ
d) d = λ × NA

b

An objective lens with higher numerical aperture will generally have:
a) Longer working distance
b) Shorter working distance
c) No effect on working distance
d) A wider field of view

b

Which of the following should NOT be used to clean lenses?
a) Lens paper
b) Xylene
c) Alcohol
d) Dry cloth

c

The visible light spectrum used in microscopy ranges from:
a) 100–380 nm
b) 380–700 nm
c) 700–1200 nm
d) 200–400 nm

b

lower minimal distance means _____ resolution

higher

to lower minimal distance λ should be _____ and numerical aperture ______

lower; higher

minimal distance (d) = λ illuminating the specimen / numerical aperture (η sinθ)

yis galing

Measure of how greatly a substance (ex. glass, water, oil) slows the velocity of light

Refractive index

Specific point where the lens focuses rays of light

Focal point

Distance between the center of length & focal point

Focal length

Abbe’s equation is used to compute for?

Resolving power (limit of resolution)

Which of the following values is the refractive index of air?
a) 1.00
b) 1.33
c) 1.5
d) 2.0

a

Which of the following values is the refractive index of water?
a) 1.00
b) 1.33
c) 1.5
d) 2.0

b

Abbe’s equation for resolution is d = (0.61 λ) / (η sinθ). The denominator (η sinθ) is also called the __________.

numerical aperture

If the objective lens has NA = 1.25 and the wavelength of light used is 550 nm, then the resolution (d) is approximately __________ nm.

268 nm (d = 0.61 × 550 / 1.25 = 268)

A microscope with a 40x objective and a 10x ocular lens has a total magnification of __________.

400x

The oil immersion objective (100x) with a 10x ocular provides a total magnification of __________.

1000x

If λ = 450 nm and NA = 1.0, the resolution (d) is __________ nm.

275 nm (d = 0.61 × 450 / 1.0 = 275)

If NA increases, the resolution will:
a) Increase (poorer image)
b) Decrease (sharper image)
c) Stay the same
d) Depend only on magnification

b

Which wavelength of light gives the best resolution in microscopy?
a) 700 nm (red)
b) 600 nm (orange)
c) 550 nm (green)
d) 400 nm (violet)

d

A microscope has λ = 500 nm and NA = 1.4. What is the resolution limit?
a) 500 nm
b) 218 nm
c) 357 nm
d) 125 nm

b

Which combination improves resolution the most?
a) Shorter wavelength, higher NA
b) Longer wavelength, higher NA
c) Shorter wavelength, lower NA
d) Longer wavelength, lower NA

a

A microscope has a working distance of 0.2 mm with a high-power objective. What happens if you switch to an oil immersion lens?
a) Working distance increases
b) Working distance decreases
c) Working distance remains the same
d) Working distance is not related to objective type

b