Intro to Corrections TEST 2

guilty

found responsible for committing a crime

habeas corpus

refers to a challenge of the legality of confinement

tort

civil legal injury; one person causes injury to the person or property of another

booking area

Most important and dangerous area in jail facilities where intakes occurs; booking forms should be inclusive enough (physical/sexual abuse)

classifying

includes the matrix system to prevent overcrowding and still protect the community

CCTV

cameras in prisons/jails used to monitor inmates and ensure security

SmartJAIL

tracks and manages all aspects of an inmate’s stay in a correctional facility

Solitary confinement

isolating prisoners in cells; sensory deprivation, minimal human contact, and cramped conditions

Direct-supervision jails

rounded architecture for living units and direct supervision by security present at all times (podular)

Detoxification program

designed for persons dependent on narcotic drugs; typically found in inpatient settings with programs that last for 7 to 21 days

Retribution

Punishment should be proportional to the severity of the offense; for the sake of committing the crime not for rehabilitation

Rural jails

tight budgets and limited training for staff (lack medical services, rehab programs, results in jail alternatives)

Metropolitan jails

end to have large and diverse populations coming from rough lifestyles; process in and out (overcrowding)

Fee for service

inmates or their families pay fees for certain services provided by the jail or prison (phone calls, hygiene products, etc.)

Johnson v. Avery

prisons can’t stop inmates from helping each other with legal papers unless the prison provides another real way to access the courts or legal help

Bounds v. Smith

Prisons must give inmates meaningful court access through law libraries or legal help, judged by need, claims, number of helpers, and helper quality

Ex parte Hull

the Supreme Court held that no state or its officers could legally interfere with a prisoner’s right to apply to a federal court for writs of habeas corpus

Cooper v. Pate

inmates can sue prison officials in federal court under the Civil Rights Act of 1871, opening the door for courts to protect inmate civil rights and hold prison staff accountable

Turner v. Saffey

Upheld Missouri’s ban on inmate-to-inmate mail and set the rational basis test: prison rules are valid if they reasonably relate to security, limit rights as little as possible, and leave other ways to exercise those rights

Hudson v. McMillian

inmates can bring Eighth Amendment claims without serious physical injury if force was used maliciously, sadistically, or involved the wanton and unnecessary infliction of pain

Bell v. Wolfish

prison officials can limit inmates’ constitutional rights when necessary to maintain security, order, and safety, and to prevent escapes or unauthorized entry

Cruz v. Beno

inmates must have reasonable opportunities to practice their religion in prison; case of a Buddhist denied religious access in solitary confinement

What is the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA)?

limit inmate lawsuits by requiring exhaustion of administrative remedies, imposing fees and sanctions for frivolous suits, restricting relief, applying damages to restitution, and ensuring court decisions consider prison and public safety

What is the Matrix system?

computerized scoring method to reduce jail overcrowding by releasing the least dangerous offenders first

Why did the Matrix system develop and by what state?

Oregon (Multnomah County) to reduce jail overcrowding

What is the Year Bureau of Prisons (BOP) established training for jails?

1957

Per Bureau of Justice statistics (BJS) and textbook, what is the percentage of jail inmates that have a mental health problem?

64%

What is the difference between jail and prison facilities?

Jail is short-term, local, and temporary holding. Prison is long-term, state/federal, and convicted offenders.

What is the time frame that distinguishes jails from prisons?

1 year

What are the types of individuals held in jail settings?

pretrials, short-timers, transfers, parole violators, and others

Procunier v. Martinez

prison officials cannot censor inmate mail arbitrarily; allowed if it furthers an important governmental interest