Quiz 1 (Chapter 1 – Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context)

Who was Abraham Maslow?

Who he was:

A psychologist and a major figure in humanistic psychology.

His theory:

He believed people are basically good and naturally motivated to grow and reach their full potential, called self-actualization. He proposed the Hierarchy of Needs, where basic needs must be met before higher psychological needs.

Example:

A student focuses on getting food and sleep first, then seeks friendships, confidence, and eventually personal fulfillment.

Who was Carl Jung and what was his theory?

Who he was:

A psychologist who originally worked with Freud but later developed his own ideas.

His theory:

He proposed analytical psychology, which emphasized the collective unconscious (shared memories and symbols across all humans) and archetypes (universal symbols like heroes, shadows, parents).

Example:

People from completely different cultures (who have never interacted) still dream about figures like a protective parent, a powerful hero, or a dark threatening shadow, showing shared symbolic patterns across humanity 🌍🧠

Who was Sigmund Freud and what was his theory?

Who he was:

The founder of psychoanalysis.

His theory:

Human behavior is driven by unconscious conflicts, often from childhood. Personality is shaped by the id, ego, and superego, and anxiety is managed through defense mechanisms.

Example:

A person's childhood experiences influencing adult relationships without them realizing it.

Define Psychoanalytic Theory & Origin

Origin:

Developed by Sigmund Freud.

Theory:

Psychological disorders arise from unconscious conflicts (thoughts and desires outside awareness), usually rooted in early childhood.

Example:

Anxiety caused by repressed childhood memories.

Define Humanistic Theory Theory & Origin

Theory:

People are basically good, have free will, and strive toward self-actualization (becoming the best version of themselves).

Origin:

Developed by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.

Example:

Therapy focused on personal growth rather than diagnosing illness. 🌱✨

Define Behaviorism Theory & Origin

Origin: Pavlov, Watson, Thorndike, Skinner.

Theory: Behavior learned through conditioning (classical & operant). Focus on observable behavior.

Example: Child studies more because good grades are rewarded.

Or think of Pavlov's dogs 🐕 🔔

Moral Therapy 🤝🏡

How Is It Conducted?:

Patients treated kindly, encouraged to socialize, work, and live normally.

Their Origin: Early 1800s;

Benjamin Rush and Dorothea Dix.

How Is It Used Today?: Basis for humane mental health care and patient rights.

Example: Patients improve when allowed to eat meals together, socialize, and have respectful treatment.

Psychoanalytic Therapy (Psychodynamic Psychotherapy) 🛋️🧠

How Is It Conducted?: Talk therapy exploring unconscious thoughts, emotions, and past experiences.

Their Origin: Based on Freud's psychoanalytic theory.

How Is It Used Today?: Modern versions are shorter, more focused, insight-oriented.

Example: Client discovers childhood issues affect current relationship patterns.

Person-Centered Therapy 💬❤️

How Is It Conducted?:

Therapist provides empathy, unconditional positive regard, lets client lead.

Their Origin: Developed by Carl Rogers.

How Is It Used Today?: Used for self-esteem, anxiety, and personal growth.

Example: Client feels heard and supported, gaining confidence to make life decisions.

Behavior Therapy 🧪📈

How Is It Conducted?: Uses conditioning techniques to change behaviors.

Their Origin: Rooted in behaviorism and conditioning theories.

How Is It Used Today?: Effective for phobias, anxiety, OCD.

Example: Gradual exposure helps a person overcome fear of dogs.

Incidence 📆

Definition: Number of new cases of a disorder in a time period.

Example: 300 new PTSD cases diagnosed this year in a city.

Prevalence 📊

Definition: Total number of people who currently have a disorder.

Example: 15% of adults in a community have anxiety now.

Repression 🧠❌ (Defense Mechanisms)

Pushing painful thoughts out of awareness.

Example: Forgetting a traumatic childhood event.

Denial 🚫 (Defense Mechanisms)

Refusing to accept reality.

Example: Denying a substance addiction despite problems.

Projection🪞 (Defense Mechanisms)

Attributing your feelings to others.

Example: A jealous person accusing their partner of jealousy.

Displacement 🔄 (Defense Mechanisms)

Redirecting emotions to a safer target.

Example: Yelling at family after a bad day at work.

Reaction Formation 🎭(Defense Mechanisms)

Acting opposite to true feelings.

Example: Being overly nice to someone you dislike.

Rationalization 🧩(Defense Mechanisms)

Making excuses to justify behavior.

Example: Saying an exam was unfair after failing.

Regression 🎨⚽ (Defense Mechanisms)

Simple Definition:

Regression is when a person goes back to behaviors they used when they were younger, especially when they feel stressed, scared, or overwhelmed.

Example: Alex is a high school student who normally handles problems calmly. One day, after losing an important soccer game, Alex feels extremely upset. Instead of talking about his feelings like he usually does, he storms off, refuses to speak, and throws his soccer ball on the ground—acting more like he did when he was much younger.

This behavior is _____ because Alex returned to childlike actions to cope with stress.