Challenge to the religious settlement

Which religious group greatly opposed the religious settlement (1559)?

• Puritans

What were the main issues that Puritans had with the religious settlement?

• decoration of the church

• vestments

• head of the Church

• monarchy

What group of Puritans believed the world was ending?

• millenarians

What were the two main focusses of the Puritan challenge?

• vestment controversy

• crucifix controversy

Why did Puritans have an issue with crucifixes?

• It was a typically catholic feature rather than Protestant or Puritan

• Elizabeth herself liked crucifixes

• Puritans saw crucifixes as false idols which would therefore be sinful

What was Elizabeth’s response to the crucifix controversy?

• Puritan bishops threatened to resign

• Elizabeth backed down as she could not replace them

Why did Puritans have an issue with the vestments?

• Puritans believed that Churches should be as plain as possible and that Priests should not wear vestments

What was Elizabeth’s response to the vestment controversy?

• there was no backing down

• She set the Archbishop of Canterbury to require priests to attend an exhibition to show them the vestments they must wear

Who required Priests to attend an exhibition about vestments?

• Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Parker

When did the Archbishop of Canterbury require Priests to attend an exhibition on vestments?

• 1566

How many Puritan Priests lost their posts as they refused to attend Church

• 37

Were Puritans an impactful group?

• They were a vocal, anti-catholic group

Where was Puritanism most prevalent?

• London, Cambridge, Oxford and parts of East Anglia

How did the government respond to Puritan demands for reform?

• The government ignored most Puritan demands for reform, suggesting Puritan impact was limited

What pamphlet demonstrated Puritan resistance and when was it made?

• Admonition to Parliament

• 1572

What was the name for the Catholic attempt to prevent the spread of Protestantism?

• Counter-reformation

What was the Counter-Reformation?

• The Catholic Church’s attempt to reverse the Protestant Reformation in Europe and stop its spread

What happened to Protestants due to the Counter-reformation?

• they were charged with heresy

What is heresy?

• Heresy involves denying the teachings of the Catholic Church

What was the punishment for heresy?

• The Catholic Church dealt with heresy very severely, with many being executed

What did the Pope do to attempt to stop the spread of Protestantism?

• He issued instructions to English Catholics to not attend CofE services

When did the Pope issue these instructions to prevent the spread of Protestantism?

• 1566

What did the Pope’s actions result in?

• Catholic hostility towards Protestants

What proportion of English nobility were recussants?

• one third

What were recusants?

• they practiced the Catholic religion in secret

How did Elizabeth deal with recusants?

• She ignored them at first as she did not want them to turn into religious martyrs

What did the hostility between Catholics and Protestants ultimately result in?

• Northern Earl’s revolt

Where were the majority of recusant nobility residing and where did they come from?

• the north and northwest

• They tended to come from traditional and powerful families that prospered under Mary Tudor

Why was there resentment between the Catholic nobility and Elizabeth?

• They resented their loss of influence under Elizabeth and disliked the growing influence of her protestant favourites

Which nobilities did Elizabeth favour?

• Protestants

• William Cecil

• Robert Dudley

Why were the nobility of the north such threats?

• they were very influential and had always enjoyed freedom of action from the Crown

• They would be capable of a rebellion

What fuelled the threat of the northern Earls?

• The Pope’s instructions to Catholic English people

When did the religious war in France begin?

• 1562

Who did Elizabeth back in the religious war in France?

• French Protestants

What was the result of the religious war in France?

• The French Protestants made peace with the Catholics later that year

What impact did the papacy have on the Catholic threat from abroad?

• The chasm between the papacy and Elizabeth made Catholic threat more imenent

When did the pope excommunicate Elizabeth?

• 1570

When did King Phillip II ban the trade of English cloth in Spanish controlled Netherlands?

• 1563

When did the dutch revolt against the Spanish occupation?

• 1566

What were the Dutch rebels known as?

• Sea Beggars

Who pressured Elizabeth into supporting the Netherlands?

• English Protestants

How did Elizabeth support Dutch rebels?

• She allowed Dutch ships to take shelter in English ports

What was the Genoese loan?

• Money given to Spain by the Italian city of Genoa

When did English seize the Genoese loan?

• 1568

When was Spanish rule in the Netherlands secure

• 1570

What did the Spanish rule of the Netherlands cause fears of?

• The Privy Council now feared a Spanish invasion, as Spanish troops were in the Spanish Netherlands close to England

Which potential Catholic monarch posed as a threat?

• Mary Queen of Scots