Exercise 27 - Heart Structure and Function Part A and B

heart

a double pump that simultaneously pumps blood to body cells through the systemic circulation and to the lungs through the pulmonary circulation

arteries

blood vessels that carry blood from the heart

veins

blood vessels that carry blood to the heart

human heart

has four chambers and is divided into right and left sides

atrium (atria)

upper chamber of the heart

ventricle

lower chamber of the heart

auricles

pouch like extensions of the atria

heart

size of a fist and shaped like a cone

heart

lies on its side in the thoracic cage within the meidastinum

mediastinum

an area bounded by the lungs laterally, the sternum and ribs anteriorly, and the diaphragm inferiorly

two-thirds of the heart

lies to the left of the thoracic midline

right ventricle

forms most of the anterior surface of the heart

left ventricle

also observed on the anterior surface of the heart

apex of the heart

inferior pointed end of the left ventricle and is located in the 5th intercostal space

inferior surface of the heart

lies on the diaphragm and is attached to the diaphragm by dense fibrous connective tissue

atria and the left ventricle

observed on the posterior surface of the heart

right and left atria

form the base of the heart

base of the heart

faces the right shoulder while the apex points to the left hip

coronary blood vessels and adipose tissue

found in the sulci or grooves that externally mark the boundaries between the four heart chambers

coronary sulcus

a deep groove that externally shows the separation of the atria and the ventricles

anterior interventricular sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus

shallow grooves that depict the surface boundaries between the two ventricles

auricle of right atrium

1

coronary sulcus

2

right ventricle

3

auricle of left atrium

4

anterior interventricular sulcus

5

left ventricle

6

apex of heart

7

left atrium

8

coronary sulcus

9

left ventricle

10

adipose tissue

11

posterior interventricular sulcus

12

right atrium

13

right ventricle

14

great vessels of the heart

either return blood to the atria (veins) or carry blood away from the ventricles (arteries)

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus

return oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium

superior vena cava

returns blood from the head, neck, and ars

inferior vena cava

returns blood from the body inferior to the heart

coronary sinus

a smaller vein that returns blood from the coronary circulation

blood

leaves the right atrium to enter the right ventricle

pulmonary trunk

where a contraction of the right ventricle pumps blood

large artery

divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries

right and left pulmonary arteries

carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs, where it then gets oxygenated

oxygen-rich blood

returns to the left atrium through two right and two pulmonary arteries

large aorta

distributes blood to the systemic circulation

fetal heart

contains a short, temporary vascular channel

ductus arteriosus

connects the pulmonary trunk and the aorta

placenta of the mother

where oxygen is obtained in fetal life

ligamentum arteriosum

what the ductus arteriosus changes into

superior vena cava

1

right pulmonary artery

2

ascending aorta

3

pulmonary trunk

4

right pulmonary veins

5

inferior vena cava

6

arch of the aorta

7

descending aorta

8

ligamentum arteriosum

9

left pulmonary artery

10

left pulmonary veins

11

descending aorta

12

ligamentum arteriosum

13

left pulmonary artery

14

left pulmonary veins

15

coronary sinus

16

superior vena cava

17

arch of the aorta

18

right pulmonary artery

19

right pulmonary veins

20

inferior vena cava

21