🦅 APUSH Unit 6 Notes (copy)

What were the key advancements in agriculture during the period of 1865 to 1898?

The introduction of mechanization, such as the mechanical reaper and combine harvester, which increased crop production.

What effect did mechanization have on small farmers during the late 19th century?

Small farmers struggled to compete, leading to many folding and being bought out by larger industrial farmers.

What economic principle was influenced by the increased crop production during this period?

The law of supply and demand, which led to a decrease in crop prices.

What was the National Grange Movement and its purpose?

A movement that emerged in 1868 to advocate for laws regulating railroad rates and combat abusive corporate practices.

What significant laws were passed due to the National Grange Movement's influence?

Granger Laws and the Commerce Act of 1886, which enforced reasonable railroad rates.

How did the federal government support westward expansion?

Through the Pacific Railroads Acts, which provided land to railroad companies, and the Homestead Act of 1862, which granted free land to settlers.

What prompted the mass migration to the West in the late 19th century?

The discovery of precious metals, such as during the California Gold Rush and the Pike's Peak discovery.

What were the main characteristics of the New South after the Civil War?

Economic growth, industrialization, and a shift away from agriculture.

What landmark case upheld racial segregation in 1896?

Plessy v. Ferguson, which ruled that segregation was constitutional under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

What was one consequence of racial segregation during the Gilded Age?

Widespread lynching and the denial of basic rights for Black individuals.

What was the Bessemer Process and its significance?

An innovation that drastically increased the quality and quantity of steel production, fueling industrialization.

What role did telegraphy and telephony play in the industrial era?

They facilitated rapid communication over long distances, vital for business and industrial operations.

What was the impact of the rise of large corporations in America during the Gilded Age?

Small businesses became defunct, and industries became dominated by trusts like Standard Oil and U.S. Steel.

What was industrial capitalism, and what characterized it?

An economic system based on mass production in factories, leading to significant wealth accumulation among the elite.

What did Henry George advocate for in response to wealth disparities?

A single tax on land to reduce the wealth gap between the elite and the working class.

What major social movement emerged alongside industrialization focusing on women's rights?

The Women's Suffrage Movement, highlighted by the founding of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) in 1890.

What factors led to the rise of nativism in the United States during this period?

The influx of immigrants and the fear among native-born Americans that immigrants were undermining American society.

What significant legislation was passed to restrict Chinese immigration?

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which effectively banned further Chinese immigration.

What social reform did Jane Addams promote to assist immigrants?

She established settlement houses like Hull House, providing education and resources for assimilation.

How did the role of government evolve during the Gilded Age in relation to business?

While generally supporting laissez-faire policies, the government intervened to protect business interests when needed.

What was the Populist Party's main focus during its active years?

To challenge the concentrated economic power of elite banks and trusts, advocating for reforms like the direct election of senators and an eight-hour workday.