Sociology Chapter 1 test review

W.E.B Du Bois

African american educator and social activist who Focused on the question of race inside and outside the United States

Emile Durkheim

Helped develop the sociological perspective. Was the first sociologist to use statistical methods in the study of human groups. He was also the first to teach a university sociology course. According to him a society exists because of broad consensus or agreement

Karal Marx

Was not a sociologist . He predicted that at some point all industrial societies could contain only two social classes: the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. From the conflicts would come a classes communistic society.

Max Weber

Has the single most important influence on the development of sociological theory. Had a mental break down. Made a model of a bureaucracy that reflected greatly increased efficiency in business and government

Jane Addams

Best known for the early women social reformers in the United States. She focused on the problems caused by the imbalance of power among the social classes.

Herbert Spenser

-self taught

-influenced by individualism and the anti-establishment

-Society → human body paradoxically social life was an extension of the natural body

-opposed social reform

-social darwinism →Came up with the idea survival of the fittest

Harriet Martineau

-Raised in a progressive household

-poor health

-Translation of Comte’s work The Positive Philosophy of Auguste comte

-Society in america → Believed that women lacked economic power which kept them dependent on men

Erving Goffman

Introduced dramaturgy in an attempt to better understand human interaction

Dramaturgy

Approaches that interactions are theatrical performances

Sociological Imagination

The ability to see and link between society and self

Organic Solidarity

Social interdependency based on a high degree of specialization in roles

Mechanical Solidarity

Social dependency based on wide spread consensus of values and beliefs enforced by conformity and dependence on tradition and family

Positivism

The belief that knowledge should be derived from scientific observation.

Social Structure

The patterned interaction of people in social relationships

Verstehen

Understanding the social behavior of others by putting yourself mentally in their place

Rationalization

The mindset emphasizing knowledge, reason, and planning

Symbol

Anything that stands for something

Functionalism

Approach that emphasizes the contributions made by each party of society

Manifest Function

Intended and recognized consequences of an aspect of society

Latent Functions

Unintended and unrecognized consequences of an aspect if society

Conflict perspective

Approach emphasizing the role of conflict, competitions, and construct within a society

Presentation of Self

Like actors on a stage, people present themselves through dress, gestures, and tone of voice. Teenagers sometimes act in a particular way in order to attract the attention of someone they want to like them also known as impression management

Bourgeoisie

class owning the means for producing wealth

Proletariat

Working class; those who labor for the bourgeoisie

Sociology

The study of human social behavior as a gorup

Theoretical Perspective

A set of assumptions about an area of study in this case about the working class. A set of assumptions accepted as true

Symbolic Interactionism

Examines how group members use shared symbols as they interact/ a perspective that focuses on the actual interaction among people

Power

The ability to control the behavior of others

Dysfunction

Elements that have negative consequences