criminology unit 4- AC 3.1

explain the role of agencies in social control

what are the aims and objectives of the police in social control

reduce crime and maintain law and order

involves prosecution of property, preservation of peace and prevention and detention of crime

statutory powers of arrest, detention, search and interview

how are the police funded

main source is through the central government grant

some income also raised through council tax

what is the philosophy of the police

to be community oriented- belief that the police and community work together to solve challenges faced by society

policing by consent- power of police comes from implicit consent from public rather than the pwer of the state

what are the working practices of the police

teams of officers who are responsible for general duties, response to emergency and non emergency calls

they also have specialist operations like anti terrorism, firearms and dog handlers

what are the aims and objectives of the cps

principal prosecuting authority in england and wales

must decide which cases should be prosecuted, determine appropriate charges, prepare and present cases in court, provide info, assistance and support to victims and witnesses

how are the cps funded

government funded body

receives half a million a year

can recover some costs from when courts award costs against defendants

what is the philosophy of the cps

to ensure that the right person is being prosecuted for the right crime and to bring offenders to justice when possible

what are the working practices of the cps

there are 14 regional teams who prosecute cases locally

they are involved in charging and prosecuting

what are the aims and objectives of judges

they make decisions about the law- its interpretation, application and generally manage the trial

explain procedure and legal issues to jury and at the end of the trial, will sum up info for jury and pass a sentence

in appeal courts they rule on appeal cases and interpret law if its unclear

set precedent and legal rules for courts to follow

how are judges funded

salaries are decided following recommendation of the senior salaries review body (SSRB)

paid between £100,000 to £250,000

what is the philosophy of judges

ensure that laws passed by parliament are interpreted effectively in relation to all criminal cases

important that judges have opportunities to make exceptions to precedent

what are the working practices of judges

sworn in by 2 oaths- allegiance and judicial oaths

they are independent- have ultimate responsibility for decisions regarding freedom, rights and duties of people

national and local reach-

supreme court has national jurisdiction and settles point of law of national importance

judges in crown court handle local cases and deal with indictable and triable either way offences

what are the aims and objectives of the prison service

to keep those sentenced to prison, in custody and helps them to lead law abiding lives inside and outside of prison

works with courts, police, local councils and voluntary organisations

how is the prison service funded

funded by government- money raised by taxation

in 2015 budget was £3.4 billion

tax payers in England and Wales are paying more towards running prisons than mlost other major countries in Europe

what is the philosophy of the prison service

to oversee sentencing philosophies related to the violation of criminal laws: retribution, incapacitation, rehabilitation, deterrence and restoration

what are the working practices of the prison service

prisons are divided into 4 categories based on level of security

A) high risk/ maximum security

B) high risk to others

C) lower risk but not trusted in open conditions

D) very low risk, due for release soon, open prisons

what are the aims and objectives of the probation service

supervising high risk offenders who are released into the community on licence or doing community service

helps to support rehabilitation and protect the public

how is the probation service funded

funded by national offender management service through income taxation

community rehabilitation companies are businesses and self funding

what is the philosophy of the probation service

to monitor offenders who serve time in the community rather than in prison

idea is to reintroduce offender into society as a productive member

what are the working practices of the probation service

manages approved premises for offenders with residence requirements

assessing offenders in prison to prepare them for release on licence

they must communicate with and prioritise victims of serious sexual and violent offences