Topic 1 - Atomic Structure

What is the relative mass and charge of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Protons: Mass = 1 Charge = +1

Neutrons: Mass = 1 Charge = 0

Electron: Mass = Very Small/0 Charge = -1

What is the Atomic number and the Mass number?

Atomic Number - How many protons

Mass Number - Protons and Neutrons

What are Isotopes?

Isotopes - Different forms of an element which have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

How do you calculate the relative atomic mass of an element?

Mass = formula in image

What is a compound?

A substance formed form two or more elements chemically bonded together.

What is a mixture?

A mixture is similar to a compound but with no chemical bond.

What is chromatography?

It is a separation technique using dyes in ink.

See image for more info:

What is filtration?

Used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. Done using filter paper and a beaker.

What is Evaporation?

Used to separate a soluble solid from a solution. It is done by heating the solvent until crystals form.

What is simple distillation?

Used to separate a liquid from a solution.

See image for more info:

What is fractional distillation?

It is used to separate a mixture of liquids.

For more info see image:

The theory of the atom - describe:

John Dalton - 19th century- Solid spheres

J J Thompson - 1897 - Plum Pudding Model

Rutherford - 1909 - Gold Foil

Bohr - Nuclear Model - Electron Shells

James Chadwick - Neutrons

What are the electron shell rules?

Inner shells filled first

1st shell two electrons

Full shell can’t react - Noble Gas

What are some metal properties?

Strong

Conductors

High BP and MP

What are some non-metal properties?

Brittle

Lower density

Usually don’t conduct

Dull

What are the trends as you go down group 1?

Increasing Reactivity

Lower MP and BP

Higher mass

What are the trends as you go down group 7?

Less reactive

Higher MP and BP

Higher Mass

Why are group 0 called the noble gases?

As they are Colourless gases that don’t react as they have a full outer shell if electrons.

As you go down the group the is an increasing BP.