Osmoregulation and excretion

balance of uptake and loss of water and dissolved solutes

osmoregulation

movement of water down its gradient across a selectively permeable membrane

osmosis

solute concentration of a solution

osmolarity

net water flow from _ → _

hypoosmotic→ hyper osmotic

what osmoregulation?

• higher solute concentration

• lower free h20 concentration

hyperosmotic

what osmoregulation?

• lower solute concentration

  • higher free h20

hypoosmotic side

isosmotic with their surroundings; do not regulate their osmolatity

osmoconformers

expend energy to control water uptake and loss in a hyperosmotic or hypo osmotic situation

osmoregulators

two examples of osmoconformers (isosmotic with environment)

lobster

octopus

(most marine invertbrates)

twoo examples of osmoregulators (in hyper or hypoosmotic enviornment)

lion fish

ostrich

(ALL TERRESTIAL & and almost all vertebrates)

when placed in a hyperosqmotic solution a cell will

lose water to environment

if collected a brittle star from a marine enviorment and put in an aquarium with brackish water (fresh/salt), what would happen?

it would shrink and implode. water would rush out of the brittle star and it would die

brittle stars are

osmoregulators in salt water, but osmoconformers in fresh water

what group

• passively allows body fluids to have a solute concentration = to surroundings

• follow line of conformity

• conserve energy required to pump ions by osmoregulatory but have narrow salanities

• ALWAYS salt water

osmoconformers

problem for osmoregualtors in fresh water

hypoosmotic, water enters cell

problem for osmoregualtors in marine

hyperosomotic medium; water leaves cell

problem for osmoregualtors in terrestial organism

hyperosmotic medium; water leaves cell

what two things are always true about freshwater organisms

• all of them are osmoregulators

• their body tissue is always in a hypo osmotic environment

what results in the metabolic process typically takes the form of ammonia whih is toxic

nitrogenous waste

three stages if N waste removal

flushing (dump NH3 from gills)

detoxification (NH3 converted to urea and goes to kidneys)

insolubilization (NH3 converted to uric acid, excreted in solid or in egg)

T/F ammonia→ flushing→ reptiles

Flase

4 key functions of excretory systems

filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion

most excretory systems produce urine by refining a __ derived from body f;uids

filtrate

whihc of the following structures does include reabsoption

malphigian tubules in crickets

blood flows to the kidneys in the __ _ and branches into capilarry beds also known as _

renal artery

glomeruli

what two places does the fluid that doesn’t leave the blood and go into the kidney tubule go?

• efferent arteriole

  • peritubular capillaries

each glomerus is surrounded by a section of a the kidney tubule called the

bowman’s capsule

fluid from the blood flows into the Bowman’s capsule by __

filtration

the efferent arteriole:

connects glomerulus to the proximal tubule

where is filtrate initially collected

glomerus

t/f Bowmans capsule- >filtration?

false

T/F the descending loop of Henle is impermeable to salts and the ascending loop is impermeable to water

true (FACT CHECK IDK)

what four organs does the excretory system consist of

kidneys, urethers, bladder, and uretha

purpose of renal system

remove waste from body

when blood osmolarity is high (dehydration) what is released

ADH (vasopressin)→ allows the body to absorb/comserve more water

when blood osmolarity is low what happens

ADH is reduced, less water absorbed, more dilute urine

what is the effect of increasing the release of ADH

collecting duct starts to collect more water